泌尿系结石动物模型的最新进展

Recent advances in animal models of urinary calculi

近年来泌尿系结石发病率逐年上升,影响人们生活质量并加剧经济负担。尽管在治疗泌尿系结石方面取得了重大的技术进步,但其病因仍不清楚,在预防方面几乎没有取得进展。因此,迫切需要建立可靠的动物模型来研究结石形成的机制并评估新的干预措施。要想全面了解泌尿系结石形成的具体过程及防治方法,最好的方法是在建立一个可靠的、标准化的动物模型上进行研究。正是基于这一目标,本文就研究人员诱导泌尿系结石形成的方法进行综述,介绍迄今为现有动物模型的诱导方法和优缺点。

In recent years, the incidence of urinary calculi has increased year by year, and the disease affects people’s quality of life and increases economic burden. Despite significant technological advances in the treatment of urinary calculi, the cause is still unclear, and little progress has been made in prevention. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish reliable animal models to study the mechanism of stone formation and evaluate new interventions. To fully understand the specific process and prevention methods of urinary calculi formation, the best way is to establish a reliable and standardized animal model. Based on this goal, this article reviews the methods for researchers to induce the formation of urinary stones, and introduces the induction methods, advantages and disadvantages of the existing animal models so far.