基于BB84态的量子匿名一票否决协议

Quantum anonymous one-vote veto protocol based on BB84 states

为了构造无条件安全的一票否决协议,首先定义了一个安全多方计算原子协议,即安全多方析取。借助量子云,提出了量子安全多方析取协议,使用BB84态作为量子资源,且只需单光子操作和测量。针对现有绝大多数量子投票协议需对高维空间粒子执行复杂的操作和测量从而导致可实现性较差的缺陷,利用所提出的量子安全多方析取协议来解决一票否决投票问题,提出了基于量子云的量子匿名一票否决协议。进一步,对协议去中心化处理,提出了一种不需要第三方协助的量子匿名一票否决协议。相较于目前类似协议,所提协议所需量子资源少且操作简单,具有较好的可实现性。在半诚实模型下,对所提协议进行了安全性证明,利用量子完备加密和经典一次一密进行秘密信息编码,保证了协议的无条件安全,既满足了一票否决场景下的投票需求,又保护了投票者的绝对隐私。最后,使用IBM Qiskit进行了仿真实验,实验结果验证了所提协议的正确性和可行性。

In order to construct unconditionally secure one-vote veto protocol,a primitive protocol of secure multiparty computations was defined,i.e.,secure multiparty disjunction.Furthermore,by introducing a quantum cloud,a quantum secure multiparty disjunction(QSMD)protocol was proposed.BB84 states were took as quantum resources and only sin-gle-photon operations and measurements were needed.To avoid the flaws of infeasibility,i.e.,most of existing quantum voting protocols need to perform operations and measurements in high-dimensional Hilbert space,a quantum anonymous one-vote veto protocol with a quantum cloud(QAOVC)was designed by using the QSMD protocol.In addition,to de-centralize,a quantum anonymous one-vote veto(QAOV)protocol without any third party was presented.Compared with related protocols,the proposed protocols require less quantum resources and simpler operations,so they have better fea-sibility.Under the semi-honest model,quantum perfect encryption and classical one-time pad can ensure the uncondi-tional security of the proposed protocols,i.e.,it can completely meet secure requirements of one-vote veto and perfectly protect the privacy of the voters.Finally,simulation experiments are implemented on IBM Qiskit,and the experimental results show that the protocols are correct and feasible.