加紧职业性高原病预防控制关键技术研究

Speeding up research on key technologies for prevention and control of occupational high-altitude disease

职业性高原病(OHAD)是高原地区最为常见的职业病,严重损害高原作业人员的生命健康和劳动能力。OHAD的影响因素众多且错综复杂,包括自然环境因素(海拔、低气压、低氧、低温、低湿、太阳辐射强、气候多变)、职业因素(进入高原的方式、劳动强度、物理因素、化学因素)和个体因素(世代出生地与长期生活地、性别、年龄、睡眠、精神心理因素、吸烟、肥胖、疾病);对于高原作业仍缺乏应有的科学技术支持和相应的职业卫生技术服务亦是OHAD的重要影响因素之一。有效地避免上述因素是预防控制OHAD的关键。通过提高作业的机械化和自动化程度,加强发病机制研究、科学化供氧技术、实时职业健康监护技术、职业性有害因素动态监测技术的研究,有利于综合预防控制OHAD的发生,保障高原作业人员的职业健康。

Occupational high-altitude disease(OHAD)is the most common occupational disease in high altitude areas,which seriously damage the health and working ability of workers.The influencing factors of OHAD are numerous and complex,including natural environment factors(altitude,low pressure,hypoxia,low temperature,low humidity,strong solar radiation,and variable climate),occupational factors(the way entering the plateau,labor intensity,physical factors,and chemical factors)and individual factors(generation birthplace and long-term residence,gender,age,sleep,mental and psychological factors,smoking,obesity,and illness).The lack of proper scientific and technical support and corresponding occupational health technical services for high altitude operation are also important influencing factors of OHAD.Effectively avoiding the above factors is the key to prevent and control OHAD.By improving the degree of mechanization and automation of operations,strengthening the research on pathogenesis,scientific oxygen supply technology,real-time occupational health monitoring technology and dynamic monitoring technology of occupational harmful factors,would be helpful to comprehensively prevent and control the occurrence of OHAD,and ensure the occupational health of workers who work at high altitude areas.