女性解放与凯末尔改革——基于土耳其女性史研究的考察

Women's Liberation and Kemal Ataturk's Reform:A Study of Women's History in Turkey

土耳其共和国建立后,土耳其女性史的叙事相继出现了民族主义、女性主义和伊斯兰主义等范式。这些叙事范式的思想渊源皆可追溯至奥斯曼帝国晚期人们有关女性问题的争论与实践。女性解放是凯末尔改革的重要内容,对土耳其女性的命运产生了深刻影响。然而在土耳其女性史的不同叙事范式中,却对凯末尔主义的女性解放运动有着迥然相异的评价。女性史叙事范式的演变及其对凯末尔主义女性解放的不同评价,本质上是土耳其社会发展和意识形态演变的结果。它们不仅反映了女性主义与父权制、国家主义之间的问题,同时也呈现出土耳其激进的西方化和世俗化改革与深厚的伊斯兰传统之间的张力。

After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey,nationalism,feminism,and Islamism have subsequently dominated the paradigms of the narratives of women's history in Turkey The ideological origins of these narrative paradigms can be traced back to the debate on and practice of the women's issues in the late Ottoman Empire Women's liberation was an important part of the Kemalist reform,which has had a profound impact on Turkish women.However,in the different narrative paradigms of Turkish women's history scholars have not yet agreed on how to evaluate Kemalist women's liberation movement.The evolution of narrative paradigms of women's history and the different evaluations of Kemalist women's liberation is in essence the result of the development of Turkish society and the evolution of ideology.They not only reflect the conflict between feminism and patriarchy and nationalism,but also present the tension between Turkey's radical Westernization and secularization reforms and Islamic tradition.