海外关于七三一部队研究的焦点、视角与趋势

Focus,Perspectives and Trend of Overseas Studies on the Unit 731

海外围绕七三一部队问题的研究可分为三个阶段。一是20世纪50年代到70年代的起步阶段,纪实文学、口述历史和回忆录为主流,学术研究处于发轫期和积累期。二是20世纪80年代到90年代的快速发展阶段,科技、医学、教育等领域学者相继参与其中,文学叙事、史学调查和社会运动发挥了重要作用,研究和传播热潮遍及中国、欧美并产生深远影响。三是21世纪以来的立体成熟阶段,既有战时日本医学和纳粹医学的横向比较研究,又有不同学科视域下的纵向深入研究,侧重当代社会的反思与行动、和平与和解等现实问题,并且注重考察历史书写与集体记忆。海外七十余年来的调查和研究取得丰硕学术成果,但在七三一部队的战时状况、战争罪责、历史认识、战后贻害和生态影响等方面仍有待突破。

Overseas studies on the issue of the Unit 731 have undergone three stages. The first is the initial stage from the 1950s to the 1970s,when documentary literature,oral history,and memoirs were the mainstream and some relevant scholarly works started to appear. The second is the rapid development stage from the 1980s to the 1990s. During this period,research was conducted by scholars in China,Europe,and America and had a far-reaching influence. Scholars from scientific,medical,and educational communities participated in it and contributed to its successful development. Meanwhile,literary narratives,historical investigations,and social movements played an important role in “fueling the flames”. The third is the stage of “multi-dimensional maturity” in the 21st century,which means,not only horizontal comparative studies between Japanese medicine and Nazi medicine,but also vertical in-depth studies from diversified disciplines. While focusing on practical issues such as reflections and actions as well as peace and reconciliation of contemporary society,researchers have also examined the relationship between historical writings and collective memories. Over the past 70 years,overseas investigations and studies have made fruitful achievements in their scholarly works,but there remains considerable room for breakthroughs and further development,especially regarding the following issues: the wartime situation,war crimes and responsibilities,historical understandings,post-war trauma,and ecological impact of the Unit 731.