一种提高发射效率的新型电磁轨道炮

A New Electromagnetic Railgun with Improved Launch Efficiency

轨道是电磁轨道炮的发射结构,是影响发射效果的重要因素。为了提高电感梯度、发射效率及炮口初速,在传统矩形轨道结构的基础上,依据轨道口径的设计原理,提出了一种新型轨道结构设计方案。其特点是轨道端面是反D形,沿轨道轴向方向,轨道端面逐渐变窄,呈现锥型。通过数值计算的方法,分别对新型轨道及传统矩形轨道的电感梯度、炮尾能量、发射效率等关键参数进行计算。计算结果表明:在输入能量相同的条件下,新型轨道的电感梯度、加速度以及速度有明显的提升,且基于这种新型轨道的发射器能够将电枢出膛速度提升6.1%,系统效率提升12.76%。验证了这种新型轨道优于传统轨道且为工程化应用提供了理论依据。

The Rail is the launch structure of an electromagnetic railgun and an important factor affec-ting the launch effect.In order to improve inductance gradient,launch efficiency and muzzle velocity,a new rail structure design scheme is proposed based on the traditional rectangular rail structure and the design principle of rail caliber.The utility model is characterized in that the end face of the rail is of an inverse D shape.Along the axial direction of the rail,the end face of the rail gradually narrows and tapers to a conical shape.Through the numerical calculation method,key parameters such as inductance gradient,breech energy and launch efficiency of the new rail and the traditional rectangular rail are calculated respectively.The calculation results show that under the same current pulse conditions,the inductance gradient,acceleration and speed of the new rail are significantly improved,and the launcher based on the new rail can increase the armature exit speed by 6.1%and the system efficiency by 12.76%.It is verified that the new rail is better than the traditional one,and provides a theoretical basis for engineering application.