SiO_(x)及其复合负极材料在锂离子电池中的研究进展

Research Progress on SiOx and its Composite Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Battery

为了适应电子设备和电动汽车对电池电化学性能需求的不断增长,高性能锂离子电池及其电极材料受到人们的广泛关注。硅氧化物(SiO_(x),0<x<2)具有理论容量高、电压平台低和自然界资源丰富等特点,被认为是极具应用前景的锂离子电池负极材料。但SiO_(x)存在循环性能较差、首次Coulomb效率较低和倍率性能较低的挑战,严重阻碍其商业化发展。本工作先从结构特点出发介绍了SiO_(x)的储锂机制,然后从硅源选择、黏结剂和电解液设计等方面系统综述了SiO_(x)及其复合负极的研究进展,重点归纳和对比了酯类、硅烷类和生物质等有机硅源以及无机硅源对SiO_(x)及其复合物结构、电化学性能的影响规律,最后针对SiO_(x)面临的问题进行了详细分析,指出必须综合采用包覆结构、预留膨胀空间、引入良好导电复合载体、元素掺杂和预锂化等改性策略,才能解决好上述三大挑战,有效推进SiO_(x)负极材料的商业化进程。

To meet the growing demand for electrochemical performance of batteries in electronic devices and electric vehicles,high-performance lithium ion batteries and their electrode materials have attracted recent attention.Silicon oxide(SiO_(x),0_(x)) was introduced from its structural characteristics.The research progress of SiO_(x) and its composite was represented in detail from three aspects,i.e.,the selection of silicon source,the design of binder and electrolyte.Furthermore,the effects of organosilicon sources such as esters,silanes and biomass and inorganic silicon sources on the structure and electrochemical properties of SiO_(x) and its composites were summarized.Finally,some challenges in the process of commercialization of SiO_(x) and its composites were analyzed.It is indicated that the challenges can be solved by comprehensively adopting modification strategies and approaches such as the design of special structure,element doping,pre-lithiation and the introduction of good conductive carriers,which can effectively promote the commercialization of SiO_(x) anode materials.