非物质文化遗产保护与文化生态保护区建设

The Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Construction of Eco-Cultural Protection Areas

“文化生态保护区”是指以保护非物质文化遗产为核心,对历史文化积淀丰厚、存续状态良好,具有重要价值和鲜明特色的文化形态进行整体性保护的特定区域。截至2020年时,全国已经建立了23个国家级文化生态保护实验区和146个省级文化生态保护区,其建设和实践的成绩十分显著。在《非遗法》以及相关法规中有关整体性保护以及文化生态保护区建设思想的指导下,我国的文化生态保护区建设取得了很大的进展,各个已经建立的文化生态保护区大都结合本地区的特点,在关于文化生态保护区的目标定位、整体规划、项目整合、制度建设等方面进行了积极的探索。但是,当前我国在有关文化生态区建设的方面也依然存在着一些问题:如部分地区制度建设不完善、跨区域保护不协调、片面追求经济效益、缺乏精准性,保护过程中管理不够到位、资金投入不能完全保障、专职专业人员欠缺、奖励和处罚力度不足等等。这些方面的问题,亟需从理念、管理、人员,以及标准化建设等方面以妥善解决。

"Eco-Cultural Protection Areas'*refers to specific areas that focus on the protec-tion of intangible cultural heritage,and carrying out overall protection work of cultural forms with rich historical and cultural accumulations,healthy survival states,great values and disti nctive characteristics.By 2020,23 nation al-level eco-cultural protecti on experime ntal areas and 146 provincial-level eco-cultural protection experimental areas had been established across the country and their construction and practice have demonstrated remarkable achievements.Under the guidanee of the"Intangible Cultural Heritage Law"and related regulations on the overall protection and the construction of eco-cultural protection areas,great progress has been made in the construction of eco-cultural protection areas throughout the country.According to respective regional characteristics,active exploration has been carried out in the aspects of target positioning,overall planning,project integration and system con-struction of eco-cultural protection areas.However,at present,there are still some problems in the construction of eco-cultural protection areas in China,such as imperfect system con-struction in some regions,poor coordination in cross-regional protection,one-sided pursuit of economic benefits,lack of precision,insufficient management in the protection process,unguaranteed in vested funds,lack of full-time professi on als,insufficient ince ntives and penalties,etc.These problems n eed to be properly solved in terms ofc on cept,management,personnel,and standardization construction.