对生态学微宇宙模型的逻辑辩护——基于类比推理的方式

Logical Defense of Ecological Microcosm Model——Based on Analogical Reasoning

生态学中的微宇宙模型因实在性不足、人工性较强及其推广到大尺度的野外环境中的不合理性而招致种种批评。本文借助一种有效的类比推理对微宇宙模型进行了逻辑辩护:水平方向上,微宇宙模型和自然生态系统在本质属性上有着肯定类比关系;垂直方向上,本质属性和中立属性之间存在相应的因果关系,微宇宙模型对自然如何运作提供了解释,是探索并检验自然生态系统中各种因果机制的试金石。

the microcosm model in ecology has been criticized for its lack of reality,strong artificiality and irrationality in large-scale field environment.In this paper,an effective analogical reasoning is used to logically defend the microcosm model:in the horizontal direction,the microcosm model and the natural ecosystem have a positive analogical relationship in essence;in the vertical direction,there is a corresponding causal relationship between the essential attribute and the neutral attribute.The microcosm model provides an explanation for how nature operates and is a touchstone for exploring and testing various causal mechanisms in the natural ecosystem.