由电荷的量子性看静电场的能量计算

Note on Calculation of the Energy of Electrostatic Field in View of Quan tization of Electric Charge

电荷的量子性是电荷的基本特征之一,严格说来,电荷的空间分布状态在本质上是离散的.但往往出于实际需要,经典电磁场理论中电荷的空间分布形式又常常被看成是连续的,这就完全忽略了电荷的量子性.客观上,对电荷量子性的这种忽略最终导致了经典电磁场理论中静电场能量计算的一点局限性.对这点局限性的明确认知不仅有助于我们更全面地理解静电场能量的计算本质,而且给我们认识引力场的负能量问题提供了一个非常有价值的启示.

Quantization of Electric charge is one of fundamental properties of Electric charge, strictly speaking, the feature of spatial distributions of the charge is discrete in nature. But for most practical purposes, the distributions of charge are usually assumed to be continuous in classical electromagnetism, thus the quantization of charges is entirely overlooked. Objectively, the overlook of the quantization leads to a limitation of the calculation of energy of electrostatic field in the end. A clear knowledge of the limitation not only helps to more comprehensively understand the calculative nature of the energy of electrostatic field, but it also gives a very valuable hint of the problem of negative energy of gravitational field.