空降兵某部义务兵和军士军事训练伤特征比较分析

Comparative analysis of characteristics of military training injuries of conscripts and sergeants in an airborne unit

目的比较分析空降兵某部义务兵与军士疼痛分布、损伤特征、损伤原因及训练伤防护需求,探索义务兵与军士军事训练伤的损伤特点,为针对性开展科学训练和训练伤防护提供科学依据。方法选取空降兵某部117名男性士兵,分为义务兵组和军士组,采用军事训练伤相关调查问卷,调查训练伤损伤特征和防护需求。结果经近一周军事训练后,两组人员腰痛发生率均最高;除左小腿外,其他疼痛部位两组间无显著差异(P>0.05);长期军事训练后,两组人员损伤类型主要有软组织损伤、器官损伤和特殊环境损伤;软组织损伤两组均高发,其中军士组韧带拉伤和腰椎间盘突出的发生率显著高于义务兵组(P<0.05);而器官损伤和特殊环境损伤仅军士组高发,且除冻伤外其他伤病两组间均有显著差异(P<0.05);损伤原因主要有不良心态、技术动作不规范/不熟练、准备活动不充分、自我防护意识差;军士组因睡眠不足发生损伤的概率显著高于义务兵组(P<0.05);训练伤防护措施需求主要包括科学指导训练、增加防护装备和开展训练伤防治知识教育;义务兵组对科学指导训练的需求较高,而军士组对营养补充的需求较高,且两组差异显著(P<0.05)。结论腰部疼痛是空降兵最常见的训练伤。义务兵与军士训练伤发生特点在损伤部位、发生原因及防护需求各方面均有不同,建议在训练开展和损伤防护方面区别对待,以利于精准训练和防护,提高训练效能。

Objective To compare and analyze the pain distribution,characteristics of injury,causes of injury and training injury protection requirements among conscripts and sergeants of an airborne unit so as to provide data for protection against training injuries.Methods A total of 117 male soldiers from an airborne unit were divided into the conscript group and sergeant group.Questionnaires related to military training injuries were used to investigate the characteristics and protection requirements.Results After nearly one week of military training,the incidence of lumbago was the highest in both groups.Except left legs,there was no significant difference in other parts of pain between the two groups(P>0.05).After long-term military training,the types of injury in the two groups included soft tissue injury,organ injury and special environment injury.The incidence of soft tissue injury was high in both groups.The incidence of ligament strain and lumbar disc herniations was higher among sergeants than among conscripts(P<0.05).However,the incidence of organ injury and special environment injury was high in the sergeant group alone,and there was significant difference between the two groups except frostbite(P<0.05).The main causes of injury were bad moods,sub-standard/unskilled technical movements,inadequate warm-up and poor awareness of self-protection.The incidence of injury caused by sleep deficiency in the sergeant group was significantly higher than that of the conscript group(P<0.05).Measures against training injuries included proper guidance of training,increasing protective equipment and making knowledge of prevention more accessible.The conscript group had a higher demand for scientific guidance and training,while the sergeant group had a higher demand for nutritional supplements and the difference between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Waist pain is the most common training injury among airborne soldiers.The characteristics of training injuries among conscripts are different from those of sergeants in locations,causes and protection requirements.It is suggested that training injuries be treated differently in order to facilitate accurate training and protection and improve training efficiency.