高海拔条件下铁路信号设备电气特性适应性分析

Adaptability Analysis of Electrical Characteristics of Railway Signal Equipment under High Altitude

高海拔地区气候环境条件恶劣,具有空气压力低、温度低、昼夜温差大和太阳辐射强等特点,这对铁路信号设备在高原地区正常使用造成了较大影响。鉴于信号设备高安全性与可靠性要求,采集了不同海拔条件下信号设备故障率统计数据,分析高海拔环境对电气电子设备电气特性影响机理,以及典型铁路信号设备故障案例;通过对比电气电子设备通用标准与信号设备标准,指出目前高原铁路信号标准中存在部分电气特性规定不完整,以及普遍未考虑海拔修正等问题;依据相关国家标准,给出高海拔条件下信号设备电气特性适应性对策及建议,为铁路信号设备在高原铁路中安全可靠使用提供参考。

The climatic and environmental conditions in high-altitude areas are harsh, characterized by low air pressure, low temperature, large diurnal temperature difference and strong solar radiation, which have a severe impact on the normal use of railway signal equipment. In view of the high safety and reliability requirements of signal equipment, statistics of failure rate of signal equipment at different altitudes are collected and the mechanisms of the influence of high altitude on electrical characteristics of electrical and electronic equipment are analyzed along with typical failure cases of railway signal equipment. By comparing the general standards for electrical and electronic equipment with those for signal equipment, it is pointed out that there are such problems as incomplete specifications of electrical characteristics in the part of signal standard for plateau railway and general lack of consideration of altitude correction. Finally, adaptive measures and suggestions for the electrical characteristics of signal equipment at high altitude are given according to relevant national standards in hope of providing reference for the safe and reliable use of railway signal equipment in plateau railways.