原油品质和精炼过程对油莎豆油综合品质的影响

Effects of crude oil quality and refining process on comprehensive quality of Cyperus esculentus oil

为给油莎豆油精炼过程的品质控制提供支持,对2个不同品质的油莎豆原油样品进行水化脱胶、碱炼脱酸、吸附脱色和蒸馏脱臭,对精炼过程中油莎豆油质量指标,脂肪酸、甘油酯组成和营养成分含量进行检测,分析原油品质和精炼过程对油莎豆油综合品质的影响。结果表明:虽然2个不同品质的油莎豆原油的酸价(KOH)有明显差异(分别为2.03、12.21 mg/g),但精炼后酸价(KOH)(分别为0.16、0.33 mg/g)和过氧化值(均为0.01 g/100 g)均显著优于LS/T 3259—2018《油莎豆油》中的指标要求;磷脂含量分别从6 874.10、312.29 mg/kg降至88.61、88.28 mg/kg,脱除率分别为98.71%和71.73%;脂肪酸组成及含量没有明显变化,甘油酯组成中甘三酯含量有所增加(分别从98.46%、97.68%升高至98.74%、98.06%),但变化不显著;甾醇总量分别从220.21、253.44 mg/kg降至175.14、182.33 mg/kg;多酚含量分别从26.38、88.65 mg/kg降至8.45 mg/kg和未检出;维生素E总量分别从225.91、177.33 mg/kg降至180.01、13.09 mg/kg。品质不同的油莎豆原油经精炼后,质量指标都能达到行业要求,但酸价高的油莎豆原油精炼过程中有益伴随物损失较大。

In order to provide support for the quality control of Cyperus esculentus oil refining process, two samples of Cyperus esculentus crude oil with different quality were degummed by hydration, deacidified by alkali refining, bleached by adsorption and deodorized by distillation. The quality index, composition of fatty acid and glyceride, and nutrient content of Cyperus esculentus oil in the refining process were detected, and the influence of crude oil quality and refining process on the comprehensive quality of Cyperus esculentus oil was analyzed. The results showed that although the acid value of two different qualities of Cyperus esculentus crude oil was significantly different(2.03 mgKOH/g and 12.21 mgKOH/g respectively), the acid value(0.16 mgKOH/g and 0.33 mgKOH/g respectively) and peroxide value(both 0.01 g/100 g) after refining were significantly better than those in LS/T 3259-2018 Cyperus esculentus oil. During refining, the phospholipid content decreased from 6 874.10 mg/kg and 312.29 mg/kg to 88.61 mg/kg and 88.28 mg/kg respectively, and the removal rates were 98.71% and 71.73% respectively. The fatty acid composition and content of Cyperus esculentus oil did not change obviously, and the triglyceride content in glyceride composition increased(from 98.46% and 97.68% to 98.74% and 98.06%, respectively), but the change was not significant. Total sterol content decreased from 220.21 mg/kg and 253.44 mg/kg to 175.14 mg/kg and 182.33 mg/kg, respectively. Polyphenol content decreased from 26.38 mg/kg and 88.65 mg/kg to 8.45 mg/kg and not detected, respectively. The vitamin E content decreased from 225.91 mg/kg and 177.33 mg/kg to 180.01 mg/kg and 13.09 mg/kg, respectively. After refining, the quality indexes of Cyperus esculentus oil with different crude oil quality can meet the industry requirements, but the beneficial companion loss of Cyperus esculentus crude oil with high acid value is great during refining.