移动应用适老化设计策略

Strategies for Designing Mobile Applications for Older Adults

目的:分析老年人使用移动应用的障碍,并以防疫健康码和通信大数据行程卡为例,深入探究其成因与对策。方法:首先通过半结构化访谈,对老年人移动应用的使用现状进行调研;然后根据访谈结果进行对防疫健康码和通信大数据行程卡的操作任务测试,测试采用行为分析的方式,全程进行视频记录以用于后续数据分析,并且将受访者遇到的问题进行梳理和分析;最后,综合人机工程学、认知心理学等角度,对实验结果进行分析。结果:老年人使用移动应用时遇到的问题具有相似性,感知能力、认知能力和精细动作控制能力,是影响老年人使用健康码和行程卡的主要因素。结论:针对老年人移动应用使用障碍的三大成因,提出移动应用适老化设计策略,包括一致性原则、简化原则、反馈原则、容错原则、易读性原则和帮助原则。

This paper explored barriers older persons are facing in using mobile applications,and studied in depth the causes and relevant solutions by taking the health QR code and the communication big data itinerary card as examples.Firstly,semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate the current status of older adults’use of mobile applications.Secondly,the operation of the health QR code and communication big data itinerary card were tested through behavior analysis on the basis of the interview outcomes.Video recordings were kept throughout the test for subsequent data analysis,and problems encountered by interviewees were sorted out and analyzed.Finally,test results were discussed from perspectives of human engineering and cognitive psychology.It is shown that problems encountered by older adults when using mobile applications are similar.Perception ability,cognitive ability,and fine motor control ability are the main factors that affect the use of the health QR code and the itinerary card.According to the three factors,we proposed strategies for designing mobile applications for older people:applications should be consistent,legible,fault-tolerant and easy to use;they should also be able to provide help and give feedback.