国外抽水蓄能电站盈利模式探析

The Analysis of the Business Models of Foreign Pumped Storage Hydro Plants

能源高质量发展和碳达峰目标对我国电力系统灵活性提出了更高的要求,抽水蓄能电站的重要战略地位日益增强.本文选取英国、美国、欧盟和日本为代表,梳理了国外抽水蓄能电站经营发展情况,归纳分析了其抽水蓄能电站的盈利模式及影响因素,总结了有利于我国抽水蓄能电价机制发展的启示和建议:深化包括电力现货市场、辅助服务市场和容量保障机制在内的电力市场化改革;用足市场手段、发挥政策优势,在电力市场过渡阶段建立基于功能价值的灵活调节容量市场,为抽水蓄能等灵活性资源开辟同台竞争的赛道;合理规划抽水蓄能发展规模,探索建立抽蓄利用情况指标体系及风险预警机制.

With the goals of developing a high-quality energy system and hitting peak emissions,China requires more flexibility in the power system.The position of pumped storage hydro plants is increasingly important strategically We select pumped storage hydro plants in the United Kingdom,the United States,the European Union and Japan as cases to study their operation and development.The typical business models and the influencing factors are summarized.Implications and suggestions to improve Chinas electricity price policy for pumped storage hydro plants are drawn:itis necessary to deepen the reform of power market including spot and ancillary service markets and the guarantee mechanism of capacity adequacyi approaches of both the market and the government are suggested to develop a fairplay mechanism framework for flexibility resources during the transition stage of the power market;it is significant to formulate a reasonable development program for pumped storage hydro with an index system on utilization and an investment risk alerting mechanism.