中国及非洲青年脑卒中的现状及防治

Prevention and treatment of stroke in Chinese and African young adults

过去的20多年,随着生活水平的提高以及生活方式的改变,青年脑卒中的发生率逐年升高。与老年患者相比,青年患者颅内和蛛网膜下腔出血的比例较高,青年缺血性脑卒中的病因也更多样化,高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、口服避孕药等风险因素日渐增加。由于青年脑卒中患者临床症状不典型、病因繁多、接诊医师的临床惯性思维以及他汀类药物使用顾虑,及时诊断和规范化治疗仍然具有挑战性。中国对非洲国家的医疗援助已近60年,考虑到中国及非洲医疗水平的地域差异,为了帮助中国援外医疗队对非洲青年脑卒中的现状有更深入的认识,本文对国内外尤其是非洲青年脑卒中的流行病学、病因学、危险因素和防治措施进行综述,以期为早期识别、治疗、预防和宣教青年脑卒中提供参考依据。

Over the past two decades,with the improvement of living standards and the change of lifestyle,the incidence of stroke in young adults had been increasing year by year.Compared with elderly patients,young patients had a higher proportion of intracranial and subarachnoid hemorrhage.The etiologies of ischemic stroke in young patients were more diverse,with increasing risk factors such as hypertension,diabetes,smoking,alcoholism,and oral contraceptives.Due to the atypical clinical symptoms,various etiologies,the clinical inertia of the receiving physicians and the concerns about the use of statins in young stroke patients,timely diagnosis and standardized treatment are still challenging.China has been providing medical assistance to African countries for nearly 60 years.Considering the regional differences in medical level between China and Africa,in order to help Chinese medical teams to have a deep understanding of the current situation of stroke in young African adults,this paper comprehensively analyzed the epidemiology,etiology,risk factors and prevention measures of stroke in young adults,especially in Chinese and African,which could provide corresponding reference for early identification,treatment,prevention and education of stroke in young people.