误吸生物学标志物研究进展:从实验室到临床

Advances in identification of biomarkers for aspiration:from laboratory research to clinical practice

误吸是口咽或胃内容物经声门进入下呼吸道的过程, 是目前老年患者肺部感染的常见原因和重要死因。但临床上缺乏精准快速诊断误吸的方法, 导致误吸尤其吸入性肺炎的误诊、漏诊或延迟诊断。近年来, 随着对吸入综合征机制研究的深入, 人们发现多个潜在的、具备临床转化价值的误吸生物标志物, 这有助于早期发现误吸的存在, 对维护老年人的健康有着重要而现实的意义。因此, 本文将对误吸生物学标志物如胃蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、胆汁酸以及其他潜在标志物的研究现状、检测方法、临床应用价值做一综述, 并展望了未来研究面临的挑战和创新方向。

Aspiration is the entry of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the lower respiratory tract through the glottis,a common and important cause of death in elderly patients due to lung infections.However,a lack of accurate and rapid clinical methods for the diagnosis of aspiration leads to misdiagnosis,missed diagnosis or delayed diagnosis of aspiration,especially aspiration pneumonia.In recent years,with further research into the mechanisms of aspiration syndromes,multiple aspiration biomarkers with potential and clinical translational value have been found,and may help early detection of aspiration and have important and practical significance for elderly health.Therefore,this article reviews aspiration biomarkers such as pepsin,α-amylase,bile acid and other potential biomarkers as well as current relevant research,detection methods,their clinical value and prospects concerning challenges and directions of innovation in future research.