天津市9202家企业职业病危害因素接触现状分析

Analysis on status of exposure to occupational hazards in 9202 enterprises in Tianjin

目的了解天津市不同行业职业病危害因素接触现状。方法2020年以统一编制的调查表开展现场问卷调查,采用现场流行病学方法对天津市9202家企业的职业病危害因素接触人群进行现况调查,并对数据进行分析。结果9202家企业主要分布远郊五区、环城四区和滨海新区,以小、微型企业为主,天津市不同行业、企业规模及行政区间的职业危害接触率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);金属制品业职业危害接触率最高为65.19%,微型企业职业危害接触率最高为58.67%,其次是小型企业为46.13%,远郊五区职业危害接触率最高为52.13%;粉尘及物理因素接触率以微型企业最高,分别为20.83%和51.32%,化学因素接触率大型企业最高为16.19%;各区企业危害因素申报率中远郊五区申报率最低,仅为9.90%。结论天津市9202家企业重点监督企业数量分布较多且职业危害申报率较低的为远郊五区,重点监督企业为小、微型企业,重点监督行业为金属制造业。

Objective To understand the status of exposure to occupational hazards in different industries in Tianjin.Methods In2020,a uniformly prepared questionnaire was used to carry out an on-site questionnaire survey.The on-site epidemiological method was used to investigate the current situation of the population exposed to occupational hazards in 9202 enterprises in Tianjin,and the data was statistically analyzed.Results Totally 9202 enterprises are mainly distributed in the five outer suburbs,the four ring districts and the Binhai New Area.They are mainly small and micro enterprises.There were statistically significant differences in occupational hazard exposure rates among different industries,different scales of enterprises and different administrative regions in Tianjin(all P<0.01).The occupational hazard exposure rate in the metal products industry was the highest(65.19%).The occupational hazard exposure rate of micro enterprises was the highest(58.67%),followed by small enterprises(46.13%).The occupational hazard exposure rate in the five outer suburbs was the highest(52.13%).The exposure rates of dust and physical factors in micro-enterprises were the highest,which was 0.83%and 51.32%respectively.The exposure rate of chemical factors in large-scale enterprises was the highest(16.19%).The declaration rate of hazard factors among enterprises in the five outer suburbs was the lowest,which was only 9.90%.Conclusion Among 9202 enterprises in Tianjin,the number of key supervised enterprises is relatively large and the occupational hazard declaration rate is low in the five outer suburbs,the key supervised enterprises are small and micro enterprises,and the key supervised industry is the metal manufacturing industry.