上海市某外卖平台外卖送餐员健康教育需求及其影响因素分析

Analysis on health education needs and influencing factors among food deliverymen of a delivery platform in Shanghai

目的了解上海市外卖送餐员对于健康教育的需求,为针对性开展健康教育和健康促进提供依据。方法2020年3—6月,随机抽取上海市某外卖平台的240名外卖送餐员,使用自制外卖送餐员基本情况调查表、健康教育需求调查表,通过问卷星进行在线调查,采用t检验、方差分析或非参数检验进行统计分析。结果被调查的外卖送餐员对健康教育内容的需求依次为高温中暑(59.57%)、食品卫生与食品安全(58.05%)、意外伤害预防与急救(57.87%)、急性传染病防治(54.04%)及疫苗接种(49.00%);对健康教育方式的需求依次为医务人员面对面咨询(78.30%)、宣传资料(72.77%)、电视广播(65.96%)、互联网(58.72%)及手机APP/微信公众号(55.74%)。不同年龄外卖送餐员对于慢性病防治内容的需求差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.2437,P<0.01);不同文化程度的外卖送餐员对于食品卫生与食品安全及心理健康内容的需求差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.239、14.086,均P<0.05);不同同住人情况的外卖送餐员对于心理健康内容的需求差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.343,P<0.05);不同文化程度和同住人情况的外卖送餐员对医务人员面对面咨询的需求差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.701、6.388,均P<0.05)。结论上海市外卖送餐员对健康教育的需求较高,应结合外卖送餐员的职业特点和个体特征,有针对性地开展健康教育,提升该职业人群的健康意识、提高健康知识和技能,进而促进其健康行为和健康状况。

Objective To understand the health education needs of the food deliverymen in Shanghai,provide basis for carrying out targeted health education and health promotion.Methods Totally 240 food deliverymen of a delivery platform in Shanghai were randomly selected from March to June in 2021,and an online survey was performed by the self-designed questionnaires of individual general information and needs of health education through the Questionnaire star.The statistical analysis was conducted with t test,analysis of variance or nonparametric test.Results The main needs for content of health education in deliverymen were heat stroke prevention and treatment(59.57%),food safety(58.08%),accidental injury prevention and first aid(57.87%),acute infectious disease prevention(54.04%),vaccination(49.00%).The main needs for health education methods were doctor face-to-face consultation(78.30%),promotional materials(72.77%),TV broadcasts(65.96%),internet(58.72%),mobile phone and WeChat public account(55.75%).The difference in the needs for content of chronic diseases prevention was statistically significant among food deliverymen of different age(χ^(2)=15.2437,P<0.01).The difference in the needs for content of food health,food safety and mental health was statistically significant among food deliverymen of different educational level(χ^(2)=8.239,14.086,both P<0.05).The difference in the needs for content of mental health was statistically significant among food deliverymen of different co-residents living with(χ^(2)=4.343,P<0.05).The difference in the needs for face to face with doctor consultation was statistically significant among food deliverymen of different educational level and co-residents living with(χ^(2)=8.701,6.388,both P<0.05).Conclusion The deliverymen in Shanghai have higher health education needs,so it is necessary to carry out the targeted health education in combination with the professional and individual characteristics of food deliverymen,and improve the health awareness,health knowledge and skills of the population,so as to promote their health behavior and health status.