2020年苏州市空气污染特征及对居民健康的短期影响

Characteristics of air pollution and its short-term impact on residents’health in Suzhou City in 2020

目的了解2020年苏州市空气污染特征及变化规律,探讨可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particulate matter,PM_(10))、细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))等主要空气污染物浓度对居民健康的影响。方法收集2020年苏州市大气污染物监测资料、气象监测资料、居民死因资料和医院就诊资料,分析主要空气污染物浓度对日死亡数、急诊就诊和门诊就诊的影响。结果大气污染物PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、NO_(2)、臭氧1 h(O_(3-1h))、臭氧8 h(O_(3-8h))、SO_(2)和CO的日均浓度分别为44.8μg/m^(3)、32.5μg/m^(3)、32.3μg/m^(3)、121.1μg/m^(3)、103.8μg/m^(3)、5.9μg/m^(3)、0.7 mg/m^(3),其中PM_(2.5)、O_(3-1h)、O_(3-8h)日均浓度超标天数较高。对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、O_(3-1h)、O_(3-8h)日均浓度进行分级分析比较,总死亡人数的分布在各污染物(除SO_(2)外)不同浓度等级下差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。日总死亡人数、呼吸系统死亡人数和循环系统死亡人数与PM_(2.5)均呈正相关(r=0.289、0.179、0.268,均P<0.01),与PM_(10)均呈正相关(r=0.230、0.127、0.247,均P<0.05)。不同PM_(2.5)日均浓度下总门诊量及各系统门诊量(除循环系统)差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论2020年影响苏州市空气质量的主要污染物有PM_(2.5)、O_(3-1h)、O_(3-8h),空气污染物整体上表现为冬春季节浓度高,夏秋季节浓度低,臭氧污染在夏季呈高发态势。大气污染物浓度差异可能是影响死亡的重要因素,同时对门诊就诊量存在一定影响。

Objective To clarify the characteristics and changing rules of air pollution in Suzhou City in 2020,explore the impact of inhalable particulate matter(PM_(10)),fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and other major air pollutants on residents’health.Methods The air pollutant monitoring data,meteorological monitoring data,residents’cause of death data and hospital treatment data in Suzhou City in 2020 were collected to analyze the effects of major air pollutant concentrations on daily deaths,emergency department visits,and outpatient visits.Results The daily average concentration of PM_(10),PM_(2.5),NO_(2),ozone1 h(O_(3-1h)),ozone 8 h(O_(3-8h)),SO_(2)and CO was 44.8μg/m^(3),32.5μg/m^(3),32.3μg/m^(3),121.1μg/m^(3),103.8μg/m^(3),5.9μg/m^(3),0.7 mg/m^(3),respectively.Among them,the number of days which daily average concentration of PM_(2.5),O_(3-1h)and O_(3-8h)exceeded the standard was more.The average daily concentrations of PM_(10),PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2),O_(3-1h)and O_(3-8h)were analyzed and compared by grade,and the distribution of total deaths was statistically different under different concentrations of each pollutant(except SO_(2))(all P<0.05).The total daily deaths,respiratory deaths and circulatory deaths were positively correlated with PM_(2.5)(r=0.289,0.179,0.268,all P<0.01),and positively correlated with PM_(10)(r=0.230,0.127,0.247,all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the total outpatient visits and outpatient visits of each system(except circulatory system)under different PM_(2.5)daily average concentration(all P<0.05).Conclusions The main pollutants affecting air quality in Suzhou City in 2020 include PM_(2.5),O_(3-1h)and O_(3-8h),the concentrations of air pollutants are high in winter and spring,and low in summer and autumn,while ozone pollution showed a high trend in summer.The air pollutant concentration may be an important factor affecting the death,and has a certain influence on the number of outpatient visits.