中药单体通过NF-κB信号通路防治动脉粥样硬化研究进展

Chinese Medicine Monomers Regulate Atherosclerosis Through NF-κB Pathway:A Review

心血管疾病是当今世界上最主要的死因。动脉粥样硬化(AS)是一种动脉管壁增厚或功能退变的慢性炎症性疾病,病变后期斑块破裂发生血栓,进而引起组织或器官缺血,故也是导致各类心血管疾病发生的病理基础。核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)作为炎症反应中重要的核转录因子,被激活后可介导炎症因子的转录,能诱发AS发病或是加重病情。血管内皮细胞在炎症因子等刺激下相关机制被激活,NF-κB介导内皮细胞内相关调控基因,分泌黏附分子、趋化因子和凝血因子,促进单核细胞等选择性聚集,上调黏附分子的表达,使黏附分子黏附于细胞内皮并向内膜迁移,促进细胞外基质的降解,形成不稳定斑块等。近年来,中医药在防治AS上取得了一定成效,发现了许多中药可以抗AS,可作用于人体的多个靶点,在不同环节上影响AS发生和发展。该文章主要介绍了NF-κB通路及其与AS的关系,黄酮类、萜类和生物碱类等不同类型的75个中药单体成分在基于NF-κB通路抗AS中的研究现状,发现中药单体主要通过调节NF-κB通路起到调控胆固醇平衡、抑制炎症反应、减少细胞增殖、抑制细胞间黏附和抑制泡沫细胞形成等作用,以期为防治AS的研究提供参考。

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world today.Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by thickening or functional degeneration of the arterial wall,and in the later stage of the disease,plaque ruptures to induce thrombosis,which in turn causes ischemia in tissues or organs.It is therefore the pathological basis for all types of cardiovascular diseases.Nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB),an important nuclear transcription factor in the inflammatory response,is activated to mediate the transcription of inflammatory factors that can trigger or exacerbate the development of AS.Vascular endothelial cells are activated by inflammatory factors.NF-κB mediates related regulatory genes in endothelial cells to secrete adhesion molecules,chemokines,and coagulation factors,promotes selective aggregation of monocytes,up-regulates the expression of adhesion molecules to make adhesion molecules stick to the endothelium and move toward the intima,promotes the degradation of the extracellular matrix,and forms unstable plaques.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has achieved certain results in the prevention and treatment of AS,and many Chinese medicines have been proved to be effective in resisting AS and can act on multiple targets in the human body,affecting the occurrence and development of AS in different links.This paper mainly introduced the NF-κB pathway and its relationship with AS,reviewed research progress on 75 components of different types in Chinese medicine monomers such as flavonoids,terpenoids,and alkaloids in AS resistance based on the NF-κB pathway,and found that Chinese medicine monomers mainly regulate cholesterol balance,inhibit the inflammatory response,reduce cell proliferation,inhibit intercellular adhesion,and suppress foam cell formation by regulating the NF-κB pathway to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of AS.