陈皮的炮制研究进展

Processing of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium:A Review

陈皮是我国常用的传统中药,笔者通过查阅历代本草专著及相关研究文献资料、比较历版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)及各地方炮制规范,对陈皮炮制历史沿革、现代炮制规范、炮制前后化学成分及药理作用研究进行了梳理,发现陈皮的历代炮制方法以净制、切制和炒制为主;历版《中国药典》中收录的陈皮炮制方法均为净制、切制;现代各地方炮制规范中主要有炒、蒸、制炭等炮制方法。陈皮主要成分为挥发油和黄酮类化合物,经炮制后挥发油总量普遍降低,挥发性及黄酮类成分种类及含量发生了不同变化,这可能是造成陈皮炮制前后药效差异的主要原因。目前关于陈皮炮制工艺的优化主要集中在蒸制、醋制及烘烤。关于陈皮的药理作用研究主要集中在生品降血脂、止咳平喘化痰及抑制肺纤维化等方面,比较陈皮炮制前后药效变化的研究较少,尚需深入阐释陈皮炮制前后的物质基础和作用机制,以规范其炮制方法、建立专属性质量标准。

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in China.By referring to herbal monographs and related research documents,and comparing all editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and local processing specifications,the processing history,modern processing specifications,study on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects before and after processing of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were summarized.It was found that the processing methods of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium in the past dynasties were mainly cleansing,cutting and frying.The processing methods of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium included in all editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were all cleansing and cutting.In modern local processing specifications,there were mainly processing methods such as frying,steaming and carbonizing.The components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were mainly volatile oil and flavonoids.After processing,the total amount of volatile oil generally decreased,and the contents and compositions of volatile oil and flavonoids also changed.It may be the main reason for the difference of efficacy before and after processing.At present,the optimization of processing technology of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium mainly focuses on steaming,processing with vinegar and baking.Pharmacological research on Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium mainly focuses on reducing blood lipid,relieving cough,relieving asthma and resolving phlegm,and inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis.The current research on the processing methods of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium is not in-depth enough,the material basis of many processing methods has not been clarified,and the research on the efficacy before and after processing is not in-depth enough.Further research is needed to clarify the material basis and mechanism after the processing of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,so as to standardize the processing method and establish specific quality standards.