迈进数字时代的民法

Civil Law in the Digital Age

迈进数字时代后,数字财产的无形性,对传统民法“物必有体”的观念提出了挑战。由于数据财产产生的无限性、财产与人格权益的融合、财产形态作出“物债二分”的困难、利用的非排他性等原因,需要针对数字权益转换解释范式,构建数据财产等新型财产的权利体系。在数字时代,由于交易的客体、方式和内容等发生了变化,合同法中典型合同规则也应当随之发展。针对数字社会人格权益内容的扩张,新类型人格权益不断涌现,人格权益利用与行使方式的多样化等,必将促进人格权法的不断完善。民法需要从注重有形财产保护到注重无形财产保护,构建对数字权益的有效保护规则。在价值理念方面,应当既注重意思自治也注重维护人格尊严。

The traditional civil law idea that"anything must have a body"has been challenged,after stepping into the digital age.It becomes necessary to build a rights system for new types of property such as data,and take paradigm shift in interpreting digital rights and interests,because of the infinity of data property,the integration of property and personality rights,the difficulty in"classifying property and debt,"and the non-exclusivity in the use of data.First,in contract law,the typical rules shall be adjusted according to the changes in the tradable objects,manners and contents of trading in the digital age.Second,the law of personality rights shall be improved with the expansion of personality rights and interest,the emergence of new ones and the diversification of the manners in exercising such rights.Third,effective rules shall be established for protecting digital rights and interests by shifting the priority from the protection of tangible property to intangible ones.Last,the value of civil law shall be oriented toward both the autonomy of will and maintenance of personal dignity.