日本的行政刑法现象及其考察——兼谈我国行政犯立法模式的转换

The Phenomenon of Administrative Criminal Law in Japan and Its Investigation:The Transformation of Legislative Mode of Administrative Crime in China

日本刑罚法规的载体不限于刑法典,也包括由准刑法和行政刑法构成的特别刑法。日本多年来不但呈现出了刑法的行政刑法化现象,且行政刑法存在一定程度的肥大化倾向,值得警惕。应该在承认法益的立法规制机能的同时,结合比例原则和刑罚的一般预防功能,共同检讨行政刑法的立法正当性。中国的刑事立法应该放弃单一制立法模式而选择双轨制立法以使得附属刑法名符其实,并且有必要制定轻犯罪法。这样,更能体现刑事犯与行政犯的内在差异,在保证刑法典稳定性的同时,也不会导致刑法典权威性的削弱。

The provisions of criminal punishment in Japan are not only written in the criminal code,but also in quasi criminal law and the special criminal law that is constituted by administrative criminal law.In fact,the administrative criminal law has become a trend over the past years in Japan,and to a certain degree has been over-expanded,which should be guarded against.The legislation of administrative criminal law shall be justified by recognizing the function of legislative regulation of legal interest,and by taking into consideration the principle of proportionality and the general preventive function of criminal punishment.In China,the legislation of criminal law should adopt a dual track of legislation model to take the place of the single-track one,so as to make the subsidiary criminal law really make sense.Also,it is necessary to enact the law of misdemeanor,so that the inherent difference between the criminal and administrative crimes can be better displayed,and the stability and authority of the criminal code can be guaranteed.