确保体育的核心地位:英国中小学体育课程与政策走向探析

Ensuring the Core Position of Physical Education in Primary and Secondary Education:Analysis of Physical Education Curriculum and Policies Trend in UK

英国作为世界体育强国,不仅重视竞技体育的发展,同时重视基础性的中小学体育课程与教学,奠定全民健康的根基。为了确保体育在中小学教育中的基础科目的核心地位,英国将体育课的设置贯穿于整个中小学教育阶段,保证体育教学时间不被其他科目挤占。在体育课程建设上,强调根据不同年龄阶段学生的身心发展特点设置相应的教学目标和教学内容。体育目标不仅注重发展学生体魄和技能,而且还强调通过体育养成学生个性品质、合作精神、意志品质和竞技精神,以体育素养引领体育课程与活动。注重广泛利用社区资源,开展丰富多彩的课外体育活动。近年来,英国中小学体育政策强调体育课教学质量,通过形成性评价追踪学生的平时表现,采取有效措施让不活跃的学生运动起来。体育政策的制定体现了以学生体育健康水平调查的大数据为依据,注重政府多部门协作的特点。

As a leading sports nation in the world,UK not only attaches importance to the development of competitive sports,but also attaches great importance to strengthening the basic physical education curriculum and teaching in primary and secondary schools,laying the foundation for the health of the whole people.Physical education curriculum runs through all the stages of primary and secondary education,ensuring the teaching time of physical education not occupied by other subjects.In the construction of physical education curriculum,the teaching objectives and teaching contents are in accordance with the physical and mental development characteristics of students at different ages.Physical education objectives not only pay attention to the development of students’ physique and skills,but also emphasize the cultivation of students’ character,teamwork spirit,volitional quality and competitive spirit through physical education and activities.It also pays attention to use the community resources and carry out colorful extracurricular sports activities.In recent years,the UK school sports policies has emphasized the quality of physical education teaching,tracking students’ daily performance through formative evaluation,and taking effective measures to make inactive students active.The formulation of school sports policies is based on the big data of student’s sports health level survey and pays attention to the cooperation of government departments.