湘南地区古民居节能改造研究——以江永县上甘棠村为例

Energy Saving Reconstruction of Ancient Dwellings in Southern Hunan: Taking Shanggantang Village in Jiangyong County as an example

湘南地区历史底蕴丰厚,古民居众多,但由于舒适性差等原因,其建筑利用率不高。为探索湘南传统村落古民居的绿色节能改造方法,提高其能源使用效率和居住舒适度,基于DeST能耗模拟软件,以江永县上甘棠村为例,对影响湘南传统村落古民居能耗水平的5项建筑要素进行模拟对比实验。结果显示:(1)本实验探讨的建筑要素的节能效率从高到低依次为外墙传热系数、外窗传热系数、窗墙比、通风次数、外遮阳,除外遮阳尺寸外,其余要素均对节能效率有显著影响;(2)当建筑窗墙比为0.1、使用镀Low-E膜的真空玻璃、外墙设置挤塑聚苯板保温层、窗户上加设距离300 mm且深度500 mm的遮阳板、夏季夜晚适当开窗通风时,民居的改造合理且节能效果最佳,可以节省全年能耗的1/3左右。

Southern Hunan has rich historical deposits and most ancient people. Due to poor comfort and other reasons, its building utilization rate is not high. In order to explore the green energy-saving transformation method of ancient folk houses in traditional villages in southern Hunan and improve their energy use efficiency and living comfort, based on DeST energy consumption simulation software, this paper carries out simulation and comparative experiments on the building elements that affect the energy consumption level of traditional village ancient dwellings in southern Hunan. The results show that:(1) the energy-saving efficiency of the building elements discussed in this experiment is in the order of heat transfer coefficient of external wall, heat transfer coefficient of external window, window wall ratio, ventilation times and external sunshade. Except for the sun visor, other factors have a significant impact on the energy-saving efficiency;(2) when the window wall ratio is 0.1, the vacuum glass coated with Low-E film is used, the insulation layer of extruded polystyrene board is set on the external wall, the sunshade with a distance of 300 mm and a depth of 500 mm is set on the window, and the window is opened properly in summer night Ventilation, residential transformation is reasonable and the best energy-saving effect, can save about a third of the annual energy consumption.