基于WEP的横断山垂直带水文过程模拟研究

Study on simulation of hydrological process in vertical zones in Hengduan Mountain,Southwest China

为了更好模拟横断山在气象、植被、土壤、水分等垂直地带性影响下的水文过程,本文采用分布式流域水文模型WEP,提出反映空间分异特征的垂直带参数化方案,并选择横断山流域14个水文控制断面1960—2015年的逐月径流数据进行了模拟验证。结果显示,垂直带参数化方案较好地模拟了横断山区的水循环过程;通过两种对照方案和垂直带参数化方案的对比表明,“垂直带参数化方案”比“普通的参数方案”的NS提高0.03、RE降低1%,比“均一化参数方案”的NS提高0.3、RE降低19.6%。通过考虑参数的垂直变化影响,能够提高模型模拟效果,且可更好地反映气象、植被、土壤、水分等信息的垂直地带性,弥补以往水文模型对参数的垂直变化描述不足的问题。

To better simulate the hydrological process of Hengduan Mountain under the influence of vertical zones such as meteorology,vegetation,soil and water,this paper adopts a distributed watershed hydrologi⁃cal model,Water and Energy transfer Process(WEP)and puts forward a parameterized scheme of vertical zone reflecting spatial differentiation characteristics.The monthly runoff simulation of 14 hydrological control sections in Hengduan Mountain basin from 1960 to 2015 is selected for verification.The results show that the vertical zone parameterization scheme can better simulate the water cycle process in Hengduan Moun⁃tain area.By setting and comparing"Ordinary Parameterization Scheme"and"Homogenization Scheme",the NS and the RE of"Vertical Parameterization Scheme"are 0.03 and 1%higher than those of"Ordinary Pa⁃rameterization Scheme",and 0.3 and 19.6%higher than those of"Homogenization Scheme".By considering the vertical variation of parameters,the simulation effect of the model can be improved,and the vertical zonality of meteorological,vegetation,soil,water and other information can be better reflected,which makes up for the lack of description of vertical variation of parameters in previous hydrological models.