正畸治疗与口腔微生物组的相关性研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between orthodontic treatment and the oral microbiome

随着口腔微生物组学研究的不断深入,口腔微生物组变化与正畸治疗间的重要关联已被发现。正畸治疗会对口腔乃至全身微生物组产生影响。矫治器可导致口腔微生物组的组成和数量的改变,使接受正畸治疗的患者罹患口腔乃至全身疾病的风险增加。相比固定矫治,隐形矫治对口腔微生物组的结构不会产生有害影响,更有利于维持正畸治疗过程中的口腔健康。此外,不同的托槽类型、材质会导致口腔微生物组出现不同的改变,釉质白垩斑、龋齿、牙龈炎、牙周炎等正畸相关口腔疾病的发生发展也与口腔微生物组的改变有关。目前口腔微生物组在矫治过程中的改变模式以及正畸治疗导致的口腔微生物组改变能否在矫治结束后得到恢复尚无定论,有待于深入研究。本文从固定矫治和隐形矫治对微生物组的影响、正畸相关口腔疾病与口腔微生物组的关系等方面对微生物组学在正畸领域的研究进展进行综述。

With the deepening of research in oral microbiomics,an important relationship between changes in the oral microbiome and orthodontic treatment has been found.Orthodontic treatment will have an impact on the oral and systemic microbiome.The presence of oral appliances can change the quantity and quality of the oral microbiometo and increase the risk of oral and even systemic diseases in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.Compared with fixed orthodontic treatment,clear aligners will not have a harmful impact on the structure of the oral microbiome,which is more conducive to maintain oral health during the orthodontic treatment process.In addition,different bracket types and materials can lead to different changes in the oral microbiome,and the occurrence and development of orthodontic-related diseases,such as white spot lesions,dental caries,gingivitis and periodontitis,are also related to changes in the oral microbiome.At present,the role of the oral microbiome in the process of orthodontic treatment needs to be further studied.Whether a change in the oral microbiome caused by orthodontic treatment can be restored after orthodontic treatment is still uncertain and needs more research.This paper reviews the research progress on the application of microbiomics in orthodontics,including the impact of fixed appliances and clear aligners on the microbiome and the relationship between orthodontic-related diseases and the oral microbiome.