中国“鬼母育儿”型故事的历史源流与地域流布

The Historical Origin and Geographical Distribution of the Chinese Story of Mother Ghost Nurturing a Child

“鬼母育儿”型故事即指以亡母之魂回来喂养幼子为核心母题的故事。南北朝至宋代是“鬼母育儿”型故事由滥觞至渐趋成熟的阶段;元明时期,“鬼母育儿”型故事情节曲折,内容更加丰富生动,并且呈现出现实化和复合化倾向;清朝至近代时期,“鬼母育儿”型故事展现出风物传说的特征,具有较强的解释性特点和浓厚的地域特色。在全国范围内,“鬼母育儿”型故事主要流传于辽宁、福建、台湾、江苏、河北、安徽、广东等地区。其地域分布主要呈带状和点状特点,东部从渤海至北部湾一带为带状分布,中西部地区则呈分散的点状分布。探究此类型故事的历史源流与地域分布,有助于从整体上全面把握“鬼母育儿”型故事,拓宽故事学研究的视野。

The story of Mother Ghost Nurturing a Child is a genre which takes the plot of the ghost of a dead mother’s coming back to raise her young child as the core motif.The genre was maturing gradually during the period from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to Song Dynasty;During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,the plots of the Chinese Story of Mother Ghost Nurturing a Child were full of twists and turns,and the content was richer and more vivid,showing realistic and compound tendencies;From the QingDynasty to modern times,the story of Mother Ghost Nurturing a Child showed the characteristics of folklore,with strong explanatory characteristics and strong regional characteristics.Nationwide,the story of Mother Ghost Nurturing a Child is mainly spread in Liaoning,Fujian,Taiwan,Jiangsu,Hebei,Anhui,Guangdong and other regions.Its geographical distribution is mainly banded and dotted,with a band-like distribution in the eastern part from the Bohai Sea to the Beibu Gulf,and a scattered dotted distribution in the central and westernregions.Exploring the historical origin and geographical distribution of this genre of story is helpful to comprehensively grasp the Mother Ghost Nurturing a Child Story as a whole and broaden the horizon of storytelling research.