幼儿教师正念对职业倦怠的影响:情绪智力的中介作用

The Impact of Mindfulness on Job Burnout of Preschool Teachers:the Intermediary Role of Emotional Intelligence

为了解当前幼儿教师情绪智力的整体特征,探讨幼儿教师情绪智力与正念、职业倦怠之间的关系,采用整群抽样方法对656名幼儿教师进行调查。结果表明:幼儿教师情绪智力状况良好,不同教龄的幼儿教师在情绪智力总体及其各维度上均存在显著差异,不同月薪的幼儿教师在情绪智力总体及他人情绪评估、情绪运用维度上均存在显著差异;幼儿教师情绪智力总体、正念总体、职业倦怠总体之间均存在显著的相关关系,而情绪衰竭和人际正念的相关关系不显著;正念和情绪智力均能显著负向预测职业倦怠,情绪智力在正念和职业倦怠之间起部分中介作用。研究建议:国家逐步提高幼儿教师的待遇和地位,重视其心理素质建设;幼儿园管理者创设良好的组织氛围,运用正念训练等途径缓解职业倦怠;幼儿教师应注重自我情感教育,尝试参与正念冥想活动。

In order to understand characteristics of preschool teachers'emotional intelligence and exploring relationship among emotional intelligence,mindfulness and job burnout,this paper investigated 656 preschool teachers by method of Cluster Sampling.The results showed that:the emotional intelligence of kindergarten teachers is good.There are significant differences in the overall emotional intelligence and each dimension of the kindergarten teachers at different teaching ages.There are significant differences among overall emotional intelligence,others’emotion evaluation and dimensional emotion use of kindergarten teachers with different monthly sala⁃ries;there is a significant correlation between the overall emotional intelligence,mindfulness and job burnout of preschool teachers,while the correlation between emotional exhaustion and interpersonal mindfulness is not significant;both mindfulness and emotional in⁃telligence can significantly and negatively predict job burnout,and emotional intelligence play a partial intermediary role between mindfulness and occupational burnout.The research suggests that the government should gradually improve the treatment and status of preschool teachers,and pay attention to the construction of their psychological quality;kindergarten managers should create a good organizational atmosphere and use mindfulness training to alleviate job burnout;preschool teachers should pay attention to self-emotion⁃al education and try to participate in mindfulness meditation activities.