基于土地资源承载力的农业生产适宜性评价--以陕西省为例

Suitability Evaluation of Agricultural Production Based on the Carrying Capacity of Land Resources:Taking Shaanxi Province as An Example

土地资源作为农业最基本的生产资料,其合理配置对于国土空间开发具有重要影响。以陕西省为研究对象,将农业生产适宜性评价作为最终目标,从土地资源的承载强度、承载效益、承载潜力三个维度测算土地资源承载力以及耦合协调度,采用层次分析法构建农业生产适宜性评价体系,选取耕作、供水、气候、生产环境、气象灾害和盐碱化敏感性6个方面18个评价因子,基于土地资源承载力,运用地理信息系统技术建立模型进行综合评价。结果表明:陕西省土地资源承载系统耦合协调程度包括初级协调、勉强协调、濒临失调、轻度失调四个阶段,西安和榆林两市土地资源承载力最高,渭南市最低;陕西省农业生产适宜性程度整体上呈现关中平原最高、陕南地区次之、陕北黄土高原最低的分布情况。结合农业生产适宜性等级高低和面积大小,去充分协调农业生产用地与其他类型用地之间的关系,可共同促进产业结构的优化升级和社会经济的发展。

Land resources are the most basic means of production for agriculture,and their reasonable allocation has an important impact on the development of land and space.This paper takes Shaanxi Province as the research object,takes the evaluation of the suitability of agricultural production as the ultimate goal,measures the carrying capacity of land resources and the degree of coupling and coordination from the three dimensions of the carrying strength of land resources,carrying benefits,and carrying potential,and uses the analytic hierarchy process to construct agricultural production The suitability evaluation system selects 18 evaluation factors from six aspects of farming,water supply,climate,production environment,meteorological disasters and salinization sensitivity.Based on the carrying capacity of land resources,a model is established for comprehensive evaluation using geographic information system technology.The results show that:The coupling coordination degree of land resources carrying system in Shaanxi Province can be divided into four stages:primary coordination,barely coordination,on the verge of maladjustment and mild maladjustment,Xi’an and Yulin land resources have the highest carrying capacity,the lowest is Weinan;The overall suitability of agricultural production in Shaanxi Province is the highest in the Guanzhong Plain,followed by the southern Shaanxi region,and the lowest in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi.Combining the level of suitability for agricultural production and the size of the area,to fully coordinate the relationship between agricultural production land and other types of land can jointly promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and the development of social economy.