小儿手足口病的传染预防及综合性干预控制对策研究

Study on infection prevention and comprehensive intervention control of children hand-foot-mouth disease

目的探讨小儿手足口病的传染预防及综合性干预控制对策。方法选取2012年6月至2020年6月本院收治的198例小儿手足口病患儿作为观察组,对其进行流行病学调查,并选取同期本院120名健康检查者作为对照组。采用单因素、多因素分析影响小儿手足口病发生的因素,并根据小儿手足口病发生的影响因素制定小儿手足口病传染预防的综合性干预措施。结果小儿手足口病以年龄≤5岁、男性患儿占比较高,且夏秋季易感,病毒分型主要以柯萨奇病毒A16型和肠道病毒71型多见,多数患儿合并其他细菌感染。单因素分析结果显示,两组体质量、母乳喂养、先天性疾病史、感染疾病史占比比较差异无统计学意义;两组年龄、性别、手足口病接触史、居住环境、个人卫生习惯占比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低龄、男童、有手足口病接触史、居住环境为城乡接合部、个人卫生习惯较差是小儿手足口病发生的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论手足口病以低龄、男童居多,夏秋季为高发季节,发病情况受患儿年龄、性别、手足口病接触史、居住环境、个人卫生状况等因素的影响。因此,患者的自我隔离、加大低龄人群的监测、改善良好的居住环境、养成良好的个人卫生习惯对于控制手足口病的传播预防具有重要意义。

Objective To explore the infection prevention and comprehensive intervention and control of children hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD).Methods 198 cases of children with HFMD admitted to our hospital from June 2012 to June 2020 were selected as the observation group,and an epidemiological investigation was conducted on them,and 120 health examination subjects were randomly selected as the control group dur-ing the same period.Using univariate and multivariate analysis of factors influencing the occurrence of HFMD in children,and comprehensive inter-vention measures for infection prevention of HFMD were formulated according to the influencing factors.Results Aged≤5 years,male children were more susceptible in summer and autumn,Coxsackie virus A16 and enterovirus 71 were the most common virus types,and most of the children were complicated with other bacterial infections.Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in body weight,breast-feeding,history of congenital diseases and history of infectious diseases between the two groups.There were statistically significant differences in age,gen-der,HFMD exposure history,living environment and personal hygiene habits between the two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that young age,male,history of exposure to hand-foot-mouth disease,urban and rural living environment and poor personal hygiene habits were the risk factors for HFMD in children(P<0.05).Conclusion HFMD patients are mostly young and male children,with high incidence in summer and autumn.The incidence was affected by age,sex,HFMD exposure history,living environment,personal hygiene and other factors.Therefore,self-isolation of HFMD,increased monitoring of young population,improvement of good living environment,and good personal hygiene habits are of great significance for the control and prevention of HFMD transmission.