“人工智能+道德教育”的潜在风险、价值规约及未来路向

Potential Risks,Value Regulations and Future Direction of“Artificial Intelligence+Moral Education”

人工智能作为模拟人类思维、延展人类智慧的新兴技术,对道德教育产生了诸多积极影响,但两者的结合依然面临着技术理性僭越,程序权威凌驾于道德之上;强调道德计算,忽视道德直觉;德育实效性弱化,道德主体性失落;道德合众化,道德主体的个性消逝等潜在风险,使道德教育偏离了育人指向。从技术伦理的视角来看,规避上述风险,需要“前思式”地为人工智能技术的设计和应用嵌入道德,坚守生命性、正义性等价值规约,引领技术向好的、善的方面发展。人工智能技术以人的发展为最高价值原则,内在合道德地开发与使用,并诉诸公平正义原则,在人、技术、道德的共生关系中推动道德教育与人工智能技术的深度融合。在具体实践中,道德教育既不能脱离人工智能时代整体的发展走向,在遵循学生道德主体地位的前提下,促进人、技术、道德的良性互动,构建人机共生的德育场域,又要超越世俗的技术场域,唤醒灵魂深处的价值认同,孕育道德情感,提升学生的技术素养和批判反思能力,培养新时代的智能价值观。

Artificial intelligence,as a new technology simulating human thinking and extending human wisdom,has exerted lots of positive impacts on moral education,but there are many potential risks in combining artificial intelligence and moral education:technical rationality may overstep morality,with the authority of procedure overriding morality;moral calculation may be over emphasized while moral intuition may be ignored;the effectiveness of moral education may be weakened and moral subjectivity may be lost;convergence in morality may dominate while moral subject's personality may disappear.The risks may make moral education deviate from the direction of educating people.From the perspective of technical ethics,to avoid these risks,we need to“think ahead”to embed morality in the design and application of artificial intelligence technology,adhere to the value conventions of life and justice,and lead the development of technology to good and right direction.Artificial intelligence technology should take human development as its highest value principle;it should be developed and used in an internally ethical way;and we should adhere to the principle of fairness and justice to promote the deep integration of moral education and artificial intelligence technology in the symbiotic relationship among human,technology and morality.In practice,moral education should not be separated from the overall developmental trend of the artificial intelligence era.On the premise of keeping students'status of moral subject,we should promote the benign interaction between people,technology and morality,build a moral education field of human-machine symbiosis,go beyond the secular technical field,awaken the value recognition in the soul,breed moral emotions,improve students'technical literacy and critical reflection ability,and cultivate intelligent values in the new era.