东京奥运会女子跳马单项决赛动作选用及成绩分析

An Analysis of the Movement Selection and Performance in Women’s Vault Final in Tokyo Olympic Games

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、录像观察法等研究方法对东京奥运会女子跳马决赛前8名运动员的基本情况、比赛成绩和动作选用进行分析,结果显示:东京奥运会女子跳马单项进入决赛的8名运动员里中美俄各占两个名额,具备较强的竞技实力,8名运动员的年龄在22.25±3.75岁范围内。动作选用上,动作选用类型比较单一共有四类(踺子180°、踺子类、前手类、塚原类)6个动作(踺子后手翻转体180°—直体前空翻转体540°(程菲跳)、踺子后手翻—直体后空翻转体900°、踺子后手翻—直体后空翻转体720°、前手翻—直体前空翻转体720°、前手翻—直体前空翻转体540°、塚原—直体后空翻转体720°),难度在5.4-6.2之间,动作使用率最高的是踺子类,其次是踺子180°、前手类、塚原类。完成情况上,出现助跑和落地两类失误,身体姿势的控制与落地稳定性有待提高。成绩比较上,奖牌榜三名运动员竞技实力有一定差距,而后几名的成绩差距较小竞争较为激烈。研究旨在为我国女子跳马技术的完善和发展提供理论参考和借鉴,补足体操跳马这一短板。

Using the literature review, mathematical statistics and video observation research methods, this paper analyzes the basic situation, competition performance and movement selection of the top 8 athletes in the vault final of the Tokyo Olympics. The results show that among the 8 athletes in the women’s vault of the Tokyo Olympic Games who entered the finals, there are two places from China, the United States and Russia respectively, and they have strong competitive strength. The age of the 8 athletes is within the range of 22.25±3.75 years old. In terms of movement selection, the type of movement selection is relatively simple, and there are four types(180° of squat, stoic, front hand, Tsukahara)and 6 movements(180° of squat and back-handed body-540° of straight body and front-air turning body(Cheng Fei jumping), back hand flip-straight back flip 900°, back hand flip-straight back flip 720°, front hand flip-straight front flip 720°, front hand turning—straight body front air turning body 540°, Tsukahara-straight body back air turning body 720°), the difficulty is between 5.4-6.2. In terms of completion, there were two types of mistakes in approaching and landing, and the control of body posture and landing stability need to be improved. In terms of performance comparison, there is a certain gap in the competitive strength of the three athletes in the medal list, while the performance gap of the last few athletes is relatively small and the competition is fierce. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical reference for the improvement and development of Chinese women’s vaulting techniques, and make up for the shortcoming of gymnastics vault.