山东省优秀女子手球运动员运动损伤的调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Sports Injuries among Elite Female Handball Players in Shandong Province

手球运动身体接触频繁、对抗激烈、攻守转换快,职业运动员不可避免地会出现各种各样的运动损伤。科学地进行运动损伤分析,总结其规律,可以达到指导训练、预防伤病、创造优异成绩的目的。通过对山东省女子手球队一级及以上运动水平队员进行问卷调查,研究女子手球运动损伤的相关因素,分析损伤部位与损伤程度的相关性及运动员最严重损伤情况,探讨运动损伤发生原因。结合与教练员等随队人员的访谈情况,得出以下结论:山东省优秀女子手球运动员腕、颈胸部和髋关节的损伤程度较低且损伤概率较低,无严重伤病。足踝、腰骶部和肩胛上肢带的损伤多见且严重程度较高。膝关节损伤比例随严重程度的增加而增加。运动疲劳的累积是损伤的主要原因,与年龄、训练年限及BMI的关系较小。

Handball is a sport of frequent physical contact, intense confrontation, and rapid offensive and defensive transitions. Professional athletes will inevitably suffer from various sports injuries. Scientific analysis of sports injuries and summarizing their rules can achieve the purpose of guiding training, preventing injuries and creating excellent performance. Through a questionnaire survey of Shandong women’s handball team players at the first level and above, we studied the factors related to sports injuries in women’s handball, analyzed the correlation between injury site and injury degree and the most serious injuries of athletes, and explored the causes of sports injuries. Combined with the interviews with coaches and other team personnel, the following conclusions were drawn: Shandong Province’s outstanding women’s handball players had lower injury levels and lower injury probabilities in the wrist, neck-thorax and hip joints, and no serious injuries. Injuries to the foot and ankle, lumbosacral and upper scapular girdle were more common and of higher severity. The proportion of knee injuries increased with increasing severity. The accumulation of sports fatigue was the main cause of injury and was less related to age, years of training and BMI.