广东省高校投掷高水平运动员损伤调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on Injuries of High-level Throwing Athletes in Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province

随着竞技体育向学院化方向不断发展,投掷高水平运动员也受到社会各方面关注,高校致力于将其培养成能为国家效力和服务社会的复合型大学生运动员,近年来试点高校相关探索越来越多,由此也出现了一些运动损伤现象。本研究应用文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计等研究方法,以广东省高校44名投掷高水平运动员的运动损伤为研究对象,结合运动生物力学、运动医学等相关原理,分析和探讨广东省投掷运动员运动损伤的特征和具体成因,结果表明:(1)广东省高校投掷运动员损伤发生率为95.45%;损伤部位主要以肩部、腰部、肘部、手腕和膝盖等,发生损伤的病程大部分为慢性损伤。(2)投掷运动员大学前后发生损伤的次数与对损伤知识的了解程度有显著差异。(3)投掷运动员在发生损伤的病程和发生损伤后对心理和情绪的调整中,投掷男女运动员有显著差异。(4)通过因子分析的方法进行降维处理,22条目变量在因子上的载荷都很高,其中有5个变量的共同度超过了0.8,分别是运动性疲劳、身体局部负担过重、技术动作错误、没有良好的医疗监督和不良气象影响。

In recent years, pilot colleges and universities have been brave to explore new things. With the continuous development of competitive sports towards academies, high-level throwing athletes have also attracted attention from all aspects of society. Colleges and universities have cultivated them into versatile college athletes who can serve the country and society. In this study, the research methods such as literature review, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics were used to study the sports injuries of 44 high-level throwing athletes in Guangdong Province, so as to explore the characteristics and specific causes of sports injuries in throwing athletes. The conclusions are as follows:(a)The injury incidence rate of throwing athletes in colleges and universities in Guangdong Province is 95.45%;the injury sites are mainly shoulder, waist, elbow, wrist and knee, etc.(b)There are significant differences in the number of injuries and the degree of understanding of injury knowledge among throwing athletes before and after college.(c)There are significant differences between male and female throwing athletes in the course of injury and the adjustment of psychology and emotion after injury.(d)The dimensionality reduction process is carried out by means of factor analysis. The 22-item variables have high load on the factors, and the common degree of 5 variables exceeds 0.8, which are sports fatigue, heavy partial body burden, technical action errors, lack of good medical supervision and adverse weather effects.