泰国山地民族文化现状探析

The Analysis of the Present Situation of Thai Mountain Ethnic Minorities Culture

泰国是一个多民族国家,政府目前识别认可的山地民族有10个。泰国山地民族宗教信仰以原始民间信仰为主,同时受其他宗教影响;泰国山地民族本民族语言使用相对稳定,泰语使用日趋增多;泰国山地民族文艺形态多样,基本保持本民族特色。进入21世纪以来,泰国政府在政策制定时给予少数民族文化一定程度的自由和保护,但“佛教的传播、泰语的教学、风俗习惯的泰化”仍然是文化政策的主线。泰国山地民族在日渐明朗的泰国民族文化政策影响下,对于本民族文化是“刚性坚守”,对于外来文化是“柔性接受”。

Thailand is a multi-ethnic country.At present,the Thai government has identified and recognized 10 mountain ethnic minorities.The religious beliefs of the mountain ethnic minorities in Thailand are mainly primitive folk beliefs,while the religious be-liefs of some mountain ethnic minorities are also influenced by other religions.The use of the mountain ethnic minorities’native lan-guages in Thailand is relatively stable,and the use of Thai is increasing day by day.The literary and artistic forms of the mountain eth-nic minorities in Thailand are diverse and basically maintain their own national characteristics.Since the beginning of the 21st centu-ry,the Thai government has given a certain degree of freedom and protection to ethnic minority culture in policy-making,but"the spread of Buddhism,the teaching of Thai language and the Thaiization of customs and habits"are still the main line of cultural poli-cies.Under the influence of the increasingly clear Thai national cultural policies,the mountain ethnic minorities in Thailand are"rigid adherence"to their own cultures and"flexible acceptance"to foreign cultures.