知礼贤母的叙事——以“文伯之母”故事流变为例

Study on The Evolution of the Story of Gongfuwenbo’s Mother

文伯之母的故事最早见于《国语》。故事中,她以守礼有德的形象出现并对晚辈进行教育,受到孔子等人的赞誉。刘向将她选入《列女传》,并对相关文本做了整合增删,《韩诗外传》《礼记》《孔子家语》《孔丛子》《史记》《战国策》《新序》中都能看到她的部分事迹,但故事的主要情节没有大的改变。文伯之母在故事的流传中逐渐成为了贤母的典范,其事迹时常能够在女训、家训中见到,女性的挽词、墓志也能见到相关典故的运用,明传奇则有《鲁敬姜》等。文伯之母故事在情节没有大幅改动的情况下,描写更加生动,呈故事化趋势,其形象也逐渐定型为典型的贤母形象。

The story of Gongfuwenbo’s Mother was first seen in the eight texts of Discourses on the States.In the text,as a re-spectful and virtuous mother,she passed down her wisdom to younger generations,and was praised by Confucius.Liu Xiang put her in-to Biographies of Exemplary Women,and integrated,added and deleted relevant texts.Some of her deeds can be seen in Biographies of Han Poetry,The Rites,Confucius'Family Sayings,Confucius Congzi,Records of the Historian,Intrigues of the Warring States,and The New Preface,but the main plots of the story have not changed much.Wenbo’s mother gradually became a model of a virtuous mother in the spread of the story.Her deeds can often be seen in women’s instructions and family instructions,and the use of relevant allusions can also be seen in women’s elegiac words and epitaphs.The legend of the Ming Dynasty includes Lu Jingjiang and so on.With slight change of the plots,the description is more vivid,showing a storytelling trend,and its image has gradually become a typical image of a virtuous mother.