陆稻的起源与适应性进化研究进展

Research progress on the origin and adaptive evolution of upland rice

陆稻是栽培稻最重要的生态型之一,在长期适应旱作农业生境的过程中,具有节水抗旱、养分高效、耐直播等诸多绿色性状,是“绿色超级稻”与“节水抗旱稻”研发中的重要种质资源。近年来,陆稻起源与其抗旱性为主的适应性进化的问题逐步受到重视,先后有许多学者采取不同方法、从不同角度研究了陆稻与水稻的适应性分化,并初步揭示了陆稻及其基因资源起源与进化的遗传机制,为科学利用陆稻绿色基因资源发展节水抗旱稻提供了理论依据。该文综述了近30年来陆稻抗旱性起源与进化的研究进展,阐述陆稻起源与进化中的各种观点,并对未来陆稻绿色遗传资源的研究和应用提出展望。

Upland rice is one of the most important ecotypes of cultivated rice.In the process of long-term adaptation to dryland agricultural habitats,upland rice has many green traits,such as water-saving and droughtresistance,nutrient efficiency,direct seeding resistance and so on.It is an important germplasm resource in the research and development of“green super rice”and“water-saving and drought-resistance rice”.In recent years,the problem of the origin of upland rice and its adaptive evolution based on drought resistance has gradually attracted attention.Many scholars have taken different methods to study the adaptive differentiation between upland rice and lowland rice from different angles,and preliminarily revealed the genetic mechanism of the origin and evolution of upland rice and its gene resources,which provides a theoretical basis for the scientific use of upland rice green gene resources to develop water-saving and drought-resistance rice.This paper summarizes the research progress on the origin and evolution of drought resistance of upland rice in the past 30 years,expounds various viewpoints in the origin and evolution of upland rice,and puts forward prospects for the research and application of green genetic resources of upland rice in the future.