育种工厂的建设及其在节水抗旱稻种质创新中的应用

Construction of breeding factory and its application in germplasm enhancement of water-saving and drought-resistance rice(WDR)

加代是育种工作不可或缺的环节,节水抗旱稻新种质的创制需要进行多次结合抗旱性筛选的加代。通过结合实际案例,对育种工厂建设和应用进行了详细描述。节水抗旱稻育种工厂主体为一座以钢结构骨架搭建的玻璃温室,内部依次连通播种育苗室、人工光温控制室和抗旱鉴定筛选室,3间分室内的温度、光照、湿度等条件均可控。以‘沪旱6220’的创制为例,介绍在育种工厂内进行种质创新的应用。节水抗旱稻分离群体材料在育种工厂种植,结合密直播、短日照处理,并通过节水抗旱性筛选和“一粒传”等系列手段,在正常水田结合高世代产量、米质等选择,明确株系的综合表现,实现了在上海1年3—4次的加代。‘沪旱6220’的应用情况表明,该品种的大面积试种与推广可有效缓解水稻生产对地下水资源的过度开采,保护黑土层,具有较大的利用价值。

Adding generation is the indispensable part of breeding,and the creation of new water-saving and drought-resistance rice(WDR)germplasm needs to be combined with screening and identification for many times.This paper summarized the construction and application of breeding factory combined with practical cases.A glass greenhouse was divided into three interconnected parts,including sowing and seedling room,artificial light and temperature control room and identification of drought resistance room.The indoor temperature,light,humidity and other conditions of the three chambers could be controlled.Taking the creation of‘Huhan 6220’as an example,the methods of germplasm innovation in breeding factory were introduced in details.In order to add generation rapidly,we conducted dry and dense direct seeding,short sunshine treatment,water-saving and drought-resistance screening,single seed descent experiments.We also conducted experiments outside of the factory,such as high-generation yield and rice quality selection,defining the comprehensive performance of the plant lines.Through these experiments,the rapid and efficient breeding of WDR was conducted,3—4 times a year in Shanghai were realized.This paper also introduced the application of‘Huhan 6220’,which had great utilization value.The extensive planting and popularization of the variety could effectively alleviate the over exploitation of groundwater resources,and protect the black land.