药用植物酸枣道地产地及种质资源多样性的研究进展

Research Progress on Diversity of Germplasm Resources and Genuineness of Medicinal Plant Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa

酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa(Bunge)Hu ex H.F.Chow)为鼠李科枣属植物,主要分布于我国华北陕、晋、冀、鲁、豫五省,由于野生生长条件的差异性及其他因素影响,酸枣果实形态有所变异,种质资源多样性也越来越丰富。为了解我国酸枣资源的整体分布、资源的多样性等方面的情况,查阅近20年来的国内外文献,发现目前对酸枣的研究多集中于化学成分、药理作用等方面,关于种质资源方面的研究较少,酸枣长期的野生生长及采收、加工、贮藏等因素在一定程度上影响到药材酸枣仁的质量。本文从有关酸枣的分布情况,资源多样性,化学成分等方面进行归纳总结,以期为酸枣的种质资源保护及资源的研究开发提供参考。

Ziziphus jujuba Mill.Var.spinosa(Bunge)Hu ex h.F.Chow,a plant of Rhamnaceae,is mainly grown in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Hebei,Shandong,and Henan in north China.Owing to the differences of wild growth conditions and other factors,variations appear in the fruit morphology and the germplasm is becoming increasingly diverse.To understand the overall distribution and diversity of Z.jujuba var.spinosa resources in China,we reviewed the relevant publications at home and abroad in the past 20 years.The studies of Z.jujuba var.spinosa mainly focused on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects and rarely concerned the germplasm resources.The long-term wild growth,harvesting,processing,and storage affect the quality of the herbal medicine Ziziphi Spinosae Semen to a certain extent.This paper summarizes the distribution,resource diversity,and chemical composition of Z.jujuba var.spinosa,expecting to provide reference for the germplasm conservation and R&D of Z.jujuba var.spinosa.