深部巷道动静载试验系统研制及初步应用

Development and application of a novel deep roadway test system with dynamic-static loading

为研究动静载作用下深部巷道围岩破坏失稳机制,自主研发一套新型深部巷道动静载试验系统。该系统由主体框架、箱体、移动平台、静态加载系统、动载扰动系统和巷道反力装置组成,可实现“高静载+动载扰动”复杂应力加载条件。本文以深部巷道围岩应力演化过程为依据,初步开展验证性试验。结果表明:该试验系统框架结构紧凑、箱体移动便利、系统操作简便;静态加载系统可实现轴向与侧向分级同步均匀加载,且具备长时间保载功能;动载扰动系统中的作动器可根据预设波形进行循环加卸载扰动,轴向落锤扰动装置和侧向摆锤扰动装置可进行单次锤击扰动;巷道反力装置虽然一定程度可模拟巷道开挖卸荷行为,但不便于观测巷道围岩变形破坏过程,后续将以人工开挖巷道方式开展相关研究;巷道围岩应力分布规律与现场实际相符,试验系统能够较好地还原地下工程中动静叠加复杂应力环境。研发的试验系统可开展大尺度深部巷道物理相似模型试验,对于研究深埋巷道动静载叠加诱冲机制、复杂应力环境下巷道围岩变形破坏规律、卸-支协同防冲作用原理以及远场能量传播衰减机制等具有重要价值与意义。

To study the failure mechanism of deep roadway surrounding rock,a novel large-scale physical model test system with dynamic-static loading is developed.This test system consists of main frame,loading box,box moving platform,static loading system,dynamic loading system and roadway reaction device.Complex loading conditions of“high static loading+dynamic disturbance loading”can be realized.Based on the stress evolution process of deep roadway surrounding rock,the verification test is carried out.Test results show that the test system has advantages of compact frame structure,high box mobility and simple system operation.Synchronized and uniform step loading in the axial and lateral directions can be realized by the static loading system.It has the function of long-term load retention.Disturbance of cyclic loading-unloading according to the pre-set waveform can be carried out by the actuator of dynamic loading system.Single impact disturbance can be achieved by the axial drop-weight or lateral pendulum disturbance device.Roadway excavation can be simulated by the roadway reaction device.However,it is not convenient to observe the deformation and failure process of roadway surrounding rock.The further research will be carried out by manual excavation.The stress distribution law of roadway surrounding rock is consistent with the field investigation.Dynamic-static loading environment can be simulated,and large-scale physical similarity model test of deep roadway can be carried out by the test system.It has great significance for studying the dynamic-static load inducing rock burst mechanism,the deformation and failure law of roadway surrounding rock,the“stress relief-support reinforcement”synergetic control theory and the far-field energy attenuation mechanism.