法教义学与语言分析——基于正当防卫权威判例的研究

Legal Dogmatics and Linguistic Analysis:Analysis Based on Authoritative Precedents of Justifiable Defense

语言分析以法律文本为研究对象,通过语义解释和语用解释结合,使法律文本的字面意义转化为法律适用中的动态意义,为法教义学理论体系的建构提供了丰富的知识材料。语言分析时应当在文本的上下文语境中、在事实和规范之间的循环中、在言外语境因素中确定法律条文的具体意义、动态意义,实现语言分析的解释论循环。有关正当防卫的权威判例体现了解释论循环的要求,实现了法律效果和社会效果的统一,树立了语言分析的典范。法律的语言分析在纯理论研究和体系建构方面有所不足,法教义学离不开语言分析,但又必须超越语言分析。

Linguistic analysis takes the legal text as the object of study.Through the combination of semantic interpretation and pragmatic interpretation,the literal meaning of the legal text is transformed into the dynamic meaning in the application of the law,which provides rich knowledge materials for the construction of the theoretical system of legal dogmatic.The specific and dynamic meanings of legal texts should be determined in the context of the text,the cycle between facts and norms,and the illocutionary contextual factors of speech,so as to realize the hermeneutic cycle of linguistic analysis.The authoritative precedents on justifiable defense embody the requirements of the hermeneutic cycle,realize the unity of legal effect and social effect,and set a model for linguistic analysis.Linguistic analysis of law is insufficient in pure theoretical research and system construction.Legal dogmatics cannot be separated from linguistic analysis,but must also transcend linguistic analysis.