清代及民国贵州地方志所记录的水族文字

The Shui Ethnic Characters Recorded in the Local Chronicles of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

清代及民国贵州地方志中记录着为数不少的水族文字资料。这些资料就其分布而言,多集中于“风俗”“土民”“地理”“民族资料”等板块,且并非所有方志中都有记载;就其类型而言,有天文地舆、物品器用、人伦称呼、干支岁时与数目、花草树木虫鱼鸟兽、道德品行与身体诸种;就其形体特征而言,主要包括:与甲骨文、金文等古汉字相似,反写或倒写汉字形体,以“六书”之“象形”造字,以“六书”之“指事”和“会意”造字,以“假借”形式造字等;就其价值而言,主要表现在:有助于民族史、宗教学及民俗学之研究,有助于文字史、文字学、语言学之研究,具有较高的审美艺术价值等方面。

A large number of written materials of the Shui Ethnic Group were recorded in the local Chronicles of Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.These data,in terms of their distribution,are mostly concentrated on the “customs”,“local people”,“geography”,“ethnic data” and other sections,but not in all local records;In terms of its types,there are astronomy,geography,objects,human relations,age and number,flowers,trees,insects,fish,birds and animals,moral conduct and human body.In terms of its physical characteristics,it mainly includes:oracle bone inscriptions and Jing inscriptions similar to ancient Chinese characters,writing Chinese characters reversely or upside down,making Chinese characters in the form of “pictograph”,“denoting” and “understanding”,and “borrowing” of six methods,etc.In terms of its value,it is helpful to the study of ethnic history,religion,folklore,the history of characters and philology,and it has high aesthetic and artistic value.