面向客舱照明—储能系统中铅酸蓄电池的全生命周期主动维护技术

Full Life Cycle Proactive Maintenance Technology of Lead Acid Battery in Cabin Lighting--Energy Storage System

铅酸蓄电池(lead acid battery,LAB)作为一项成熟、廉价且安全的储能技术虽然有被锂电池替代的趋势,但是其作为大功率照明系统的备电保有量仍然较大。另一方面商用写字楼和车船、飞机等需要电池作为电源的照明场合,考虑到锂电池潜在的起火等安全风险问题,因此仍然将LAB作为“绿色照明”、“智能照明”的实施手段广泛应用。照明系统中的储能设备呈现长期“充电—自放电—充电”循环状态的特点,LAB照明储能系统的不可逆硫化问题严重制约了照明系统的稳定和安全运行。本文所提出的全生命周期主动维护技术利用硫化的电容性质确定硫化LAB的谐振频率作为诊断依据;使用谐振频率下的电流脉冲在2 h内取得了平均23%的内阻下降。进一步地,基于全生命周期理论评估了所提出主动维护技术可以在一年内为一套500 kW的LAB照明储能系统节省3.228吨的等效铅泄漏。本文所提出的全生命周期主动维护技术为高效、经济和绿色的客舱照明—储能系统发展提供了重要的技术支撑,为LAB产业的可持续发展提供了新的思路。

With the extensive advancement of the“Double Carbon”strategic goal,and the inclusion of Smart Lighting and High-Efficiency Lighting products in the national“14th Five-Year Plan”,lead acid battery(LAB)has become a mature,cheap and safe energy storage technology,and will be widely used in lighting systems as a means of implementing“Green Lighting”and“Smart Lighting”.Due to the characteristics of the long-term“Charge-Self-discharge-Charge”cycle state of the energy storage device in the lighting system,the irreversible vulcanization problem of the LAB lighting energy storage system seriously restricts the stability and safe operation of the lighting system.The full-life-cycle active maintenance technique proposed in this paper utilizes the capacitive properties of vulcanization to determine the resonant frequency of the vulcanized LAB as a diagnostic basis;an average 23% decrease in internal resistance was achieved within 2 hours using current pulses at the resonant frequency.Furthermore,based on the full life cycle theory,it is estimated that the proposed active maintenance technology can save 3.228 tons of equivalent lead leakage for a 500 kW LAB Lighting-Energy Storage System in one year.The full life cycle active maintenance technology proposed in this paper provides an important technical support for the development of an efficient,economical and green cabin lighting LAB Lighting-Energy Storage System,and provides new ideas for the sustainable development of the LAB industry.