营商环境改革政策如何促进经济发展和产业结构调整:基于我国31个省市的实证研究

How can Doing-business Environment Reform Policies Promote Economic Development and Adjustment of Industrial Structure?Based on Empirical Research of 31 Provinces and Cities in China

近年来,全国各省市采取很多优化营商环境的改革政策,但改革政策的实施效果如何,地区间有何差异,一直备受关注.本文以2010-2019年全国31个省市为对象,采用固定效应模型分析商事制度改革、行政审批改革、政府法治化改革、政府透明度改革、税收优惠、财政补贴、社会保障和就业、养老保障8个方面的改革政策对提升营商环境质量、促进经济发展和产业结构转型的影响.研究表明,改革政策强度最大的是华东和中南地区,最小的是华北和东北;商事制度改革、行政审批改革、政府法治化改革对经济发展速度和质量有积极影响;政府法治化改革和税收优惠政策不利于产业结构升级和产业结构转型;政策实施效果最好的是华北和西北地区,最差的是东北地区.另外,改革政策主要通过提升营商环境质量,特别是改善政企关系,促进产品市场、要素市场和中介组织发育来促进经济产业发展.商事制度、行政审批和政府法治化等改革政策更有效,其他改革政策的效果存在较大的差异性.

In recent years,many provinces and cities in China have adopted many reform policies to optimize the doing-business environment.However,the implementation effect of reform policies and the differences between regions have always attracted attention.This paper focuses on 31 provinces and cities in China from 2010 to 2019 and uses a fixed effect model to analyze the impact of commercial system reform,administrative approval reform,government legalization reform,government transparency reform,tax incentives,financial subsidies,social security and employment,and pension security on improving the quality of doing-business environment,promoting economic development and industrial structure transformation.This result show that the greatest intensity of reform policies is in East China and Mid-South Region,and the least in North China and Northeast China.Commercial system reform,administrative approval reforms,and government legalization reform have a positive impact on the speed and quality of economic development.The government legalization reform and tax incentives policies are not conducive to the upgrading and transformation of industrial structure.The best implementation effect of the policy is in North China and Northwest China,and worst in Northeast China.In addition,reform policies will promote economic and industrial development by improving the quality of the doingbusiness environment,especially by improving the relationship between government and enterprises,and promoting the development of product markets,factor markets and intermediary organizations.Reform policies such as commercial system,administrative approval,and government legalization are more effective,while the effects of other reform policies are quite different.