极区集成式光伏供电装置结构设计与分析

Structure design and analysis of integrated photovoltaic power supply device in polar regions

太阳能独立供电是解决南极野外长周期观测活动供电问题的重要途径之一。针对极区特定环境,设计了一种基于集装箱的可移动光伏供电装置。首先,构建了在结构集成化约束条件下光伏组件斜面上太阳辐射量计算模型,确定了光伏组件最优安装倾角;其次,利用CFD(computational fluid dynamics,流体动力学)方法分析了在最优安装倾角、不同风向角时光伏组件的风载荷,并确定了光伏组件的典型风载荷工况;最后,通过有限元方法分析了在典型工况下光伏支架的力学性能。结果表明,对于集成式双排光伏组件,上、下排光伏组件的最优安装倾角分别为29°、39°。光伏组件存在3种典型工况:当风向角为20°时,2排光伏组件均受到下压作用;当风向角为120°时,一排光伏组件受下压作用,另一排受上抬作用;当风向角为140°时,2排光伏组件均受到上抬作用。在3种典型工况下,光伏支架的最大应力为103.93 MPa,安全系数达2.98,满足强度要求;2排光伏支架铰接处的变形较大,最大值为4.33 mm;支架变形分布受风向影响较大,其中来风侧变形量达3.7 mm,另一侧变形量小于1 mm。研究结果可以为解决极区野外长周期独立观测活动的电能供给问题提供一定的参考。

Solar energy independent power supply is one of the important ways to solve the power supply problem of long-term field observation activities in the Antarctic region. According to the specific environment of polar region, a mobile photovoltaic(PV) power supply device based on container was designed. Firstly, the calculation model of solar radiation on the inclined plane of PV modules under the constraint of structural integration was constructed, and the optimal inclination angle of PV modules was determined;secondly, CFD(computational fluid dynamics) method was used to analyze the wind load of PV modules at the optimal inclination angle and different wind direction angles, and the typical wind load conditions of PV modules were determined;finally, the mechanical properties of PV bracket under typical working conditions were analyzed by finite element method. The results showed that for the integrated double row PV modules, the optimal inclination angle of the upper and lower rows of PV modules were 29° and 39° respectively. There were three typical working conditions for PV modules: when wind direction angle was 20°, all PV modules were subject to downward pressure;when wind direction angle was 120°, one row of PV modules was subject to downward pressure and the other row was subject to upward lifting;when wind direction angle was140°, both rows were subject to upward lifting. Under three typical working conditions, the maximum stress of the PV bracket was 103.93 MPa, and the safety factor was 2.98, which met the strength requirements;the hinge joint of 2 rows of PV brackets had large deformation, with the maximum value of 4.33 mm;the bracket deformation distribution was greatly affected by wind direction, in which the deformation on the windward side was up to 3.7 mm, and the deformation on the other side was less than1 mm. The research results can provide some reference for solving the power supply problem of longterm field independent observation activities in the polar region.