混凝土湿喷机摆动系统工作特性研究

Study on working characteristics of swing system of concrete wet spraying machine

为了深入了解混凝土湿喷机摆动系统的工作特性,根据摆动系统的结构及工作原理,考虑液压元件内部阀芯等零部件的运动响应时间等因素,建立了摆动系统的键合图模型和动力学方程,仿真分析了在摆臂摆动过程中恒压泵、蓄能器和电液换向阀等液压元件的工作特性,并搭建了摆臂摆动测试平台进行实验验证。研究结果表明:在摆臂运动达到稳定状态之前,恒压泵斜盘处于最大倾角状态,泵出高压油液用于左右摆动缸的运动和蓄能器充液,蓄能器气室压力随着摆臂摆动次数的增加而逐渐升高,并最终稳定在14 MPa;在摆臂运动达到稳定状态之后,恒压泵斜盘倾角在0°~19°之间周期性变化,蓄能器放液最大瞬时流量达到322.5 L/min,可实现S形分配阀在0.24 s内完成换向;摆动缸无杆腔工作压力的测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,验证了所建模型的准确性。研究结果为进一步优化混凝土湿喷机摆动系统提供了参考。

In order to deeply understand the working characteristics of the swing system of concrete wet spraying machine, according to the structure and working principle of the swing system, the bond graph model and dynamic equation of the swing system were established by taking into account the motion response time of components such as the internal valve core of hydraulic element. The working characteristics of hydraulic components such as constant pressure pump, accumulator and electrohydraulic directional valve were simulated and analyzed in the process of swing arm movement, and a swing arm swing test platform was built for experimental verification. The research results showed that the swash plate of constant pressure pump was in a maximum inclination angle state before swing arm movement reached a stable state. The high-pressure oil pumped out was used for the movement of left and right swing cylinders and the charging of the accumulator. The pressure of the accumulator gas chamber gradually increased with the increase of swing times of swing arm and finally stabilized at 14 MPa;after the swing arm movement reached a stable state, the inclination angle of the swash plate of the constant pressure pump changed periodically at 0°-19°, and the maximum instantaneous flow of the accumulator discharge reached 322.5 L/min, and the S-shaped distribution valve could realize the reversing within 0.24 s;the test results of the working pressure of the rodless cavity of swing cylinder were basically consistent with the simulation results, which verified the accuracy of the established model. The research results provide a reference for the further optimization of the swing system of wet shotcrete machine.