地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂治疗黄斑水肿的研究进展

Research progress of dexamethasone intravitreal implants for the treatment of macular edema

黄斑水肿是继发于多种视网膜疾病的一种常见现象,主要是由于多种因素导致毛细血管壁损害渗漏,液体和蛋白质在黄斑区视网膜内积聚,是引起视力减退的重要原因之一。临床上治疗黄斑水肿的方法主要有激光光凝、玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物以及玻璃体腔注射糖皮质激素等。而Ozurdex作为一种新的治疗黄斑水肿的药物,可长期持续在眼内释放地塞米松,尤其对于炎性因素作用为主导的患者有巨大优势,但由于其类固醇激素成分的存在,容易引起眼压升高和白内障等不良反应。目前Ozurdex主要适用于糖尿病性黄斑水肿、视网膜静脉阻塞、玻璃体切割术后黄斑水肿、非感染性葡萄膜炎及继发于其他眼底疾病的黄斑水肿。本文根据Ozurdex目前在国内外的应用研究,对其治疗进展进行综述。

Macular edema is a common phenomenon secondary to many kinds of retinal diseases.The main reason is that many factors lead to the damage of capillaries,which makes the fluid and protein leak and accumulate in the macular area of the retina.It is one of the important causes of vision loss.The main methods to treat macular edema are laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs or glucocorticoid.Ozurdex is a new drug for the treatment of macular edema,which can release dexamethasone continuously in the eyes for a long time,especially in patients with inflammatory factors.However,because it contains glucocorticoid,it is easy to cause adverse reactions such as high intraocular pressure and cataracts.At present,Ozurdex is mainly used in diabetic macular edema,macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion and vitrectomy,non-infectious uveitis and macular edema secondary to other fundus diseases.This article reviews the progress in treatment of Ozurdex based on its current application research at home and abroad.