不同生命周期阶段的家庭碳排放特征及减排对策

Characteristics of Household Carbon Emissions in Different Life Cycle Stages and Countermeasures for Emission Reduction

基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,根据家庭生命周期理论明确了不同生命周期阶段家庭的划分标准,对样本家庭进行划分后,使用家庭消费数据对家庭碳排放量进行核算。结果表明:(1)处于不同生命周期阶段的家庭的碳排放水平存在明显差异,老中少三代成员一起生活的家庭碳人均排放量最低;(2)满巢家庭的直接碳排放量最高,成熟家庭的间接碳排量最高;(3)不同地区的家庭在各生命周期阶段的碳排放量有明显不同,东部地区的家庭碳排放水平始终是最高的;(4)城乡家庭碳排放量也不相同,城镇家庭碳排放水平始终高于农村家庭。提出国家层面要改善东部地区和城镇地区产业结构以及能源消费结构,提高能源利用效率;社会层面要提升企业新能源产品和技术的开发能力,对高耗能产品进行转型升级;家庭层面要树立绿色消费和节能减排意识,发挥家庭规模经济效应。

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) in 2018, according to the theory of family life cycle, the classification standard of families in different development stages is constructed, and the sample families are divided, and the household carbon emissions accounting is conducted based on the household consumption data. The analysis results show that:(1)Families in different life cycle stages have obvious differences in carbon emission levels, and from the per capita carbon emission level, the carbon emission level of families with three generations of young, middle-aged and old families is the lowest;(2)Household direct carbon emissions are affected by population size, while household indirect carbon emissions are affected by household life cycle stages;(3)The carbon emissions of families in different regions are also significantly different in different life cycle stages, and the carbon emissions of families in the eastern region are the highest;(4)The carbon emissions of urban and rural households are also different, among which the carbon emissions of urban households are always higher than those of rural households. At the national level, the industrial structure and energy consumption structure should be improved in eastern and urban areas to improve energy efficiency, while at the social level, enterprises should enhance the development capacity of new energy products and technologies, and transform and upgrade energy-intensive products.